近30年神东矿区土地利用变化及其景观格局演变
Land Use Change and Landscape Pattern Evolution in Shendong Mining Area in Recent 30 Years

[目的]分析神东矿区近30年土地利用变化及其景观格局演变，对矿区土地资源可持续发展有重要意义。[方法]文章以研究区1992年、2002年、2012年与2022年土地利用数据为数据源，运用土地利用转移矩阵以及景观格局指数计算，探讨分析了研究区近30年土地利用及其景观格局演变特征，以揭示研究区的生态环境变化态势。[结果]研究区近30年来以建设用地和林地增加为主，耕地与水域1992~2012年面积减少、2012~2022年增加；草地1992~2012年面积增加、2012~2022年面积减少；未利用地逐年呈减少态势。城镇化和人口增长带来的土地压力主要集中在草地与耕地上；2012~2022年的变化更为剧烈，人类活动及各类政策对自然的干扰加剧，但同时这一阶段对耕地、林地与水域的保护得到明显效果。[结论]土地利用及其景观格局在各类政策导向下总体趋势逐渐变好，开展经济发展与生态文明发展同步进行。后续建议开发与生态修复相关的经济开发、旅游开发，并与文化建设相结合，提升土地利用价值。
[Objective] Analyzing the land use changes and landscape pattern evolution over the past 30 years in Shendong Mining Area holds significant importance for the sustainable development of regional land resources. [Methods] Utilizing land use data from 1992, 2002, 2012, and 2022 in the study area, this research employed land use transfer matrices and landscape pattern indices to investigate the evolutionary characteristics of land use and landscape patterns over three decades, thereby revealing ecological environment dynamics. [Results] Over the 30-year period, construction land and forest land demonstrated predominant expansion. Cultivated land and water areas decreased from 1992 to 2012 but increased from 2012 to 2022. Grassland exhibited an opposite trend, increasing initially (1992-2012) and then declining (2012-2022). Unused land showed a consistent reduction. Urbanization and population growth primarily exerted pressure on grassland and cultivated land. The 2012-2022 period witnessed more dramatic changes, reflecting intensified anthropogenic disturbances and policy interventions, while simultaneously demonstrating enhanced protection effectiveness for cultivated land, forests, and water bodies. [Conclusion] Land use patterns and landscape patterns have generally improved under policy guidance, achieving coordinated progress in economic development and ecological civilization construction. Subsequent recommendations include integrating ecological restoration with economic development initiatives, promoting eco-tourism, and combining cultural preservation efforts to enhance land use value.