Objective: To study urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children hospitalised in the paediatric wards of the H？pital Saint Camille de Ouagadougou (HOSCO) and the CHU Yalgado OUEDRAOGO (CHUYO). Methodology: This was a retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study covering the period from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2022, including children aged 0 to 15 years hospitalised in paediatric wards with suspected UTI. Results: Only 337 patients out of 31,889 were included. The overall hospital frequency of suspected cases was 1.06% and that of UTI 24.33% (82 cases out of 337). The mean age of the study population was 41.64 months and that of patients with UTI (n = 82) 44.76 months. UTI was predominantly female (sex ratio M/F 0.58). The infectious syndrome (64.63%) and digestive signs (59.76%) were the main reasons for hospitalisation for UTIs. The average duration of antibiotic treatment prior to urine cytobacteriological examination (UCE) in patients with UTI was 5.08 days. Enterobacteriaceae were the most common cause of UTIs (55.17%), with E. coli, Klebsiella and Cedecea lapagei accounting for 39.08%, 14.94% and 1.15% of cases respectively. Gram-positive cocci accounted for 27.59%. Yeasts (Candida) accounted for 14.94%. Acinetobacter baumannii (2.30%) was the only non-fermenting gram-negative bacillus found. The clinical course was favourable in 78.05% of cases, and the factors associated with the occurrence of urinary tract infection were female gender (OR 2.3, p-value 0.002), the presence of functional urinary signs (OR 1.98, p-value 0.014) and functional intestinal disorders (OR 1.77, p-value 0.046). Conclusion: Urinary tract infection is a frequent pathology in paediatrics. The worrying trend towards antibiotic resistance in uropathogenic germs means that urgent measures need to be taken.
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