Involvement of IL10 rs1800872 and rs1800896 in the Acquisition and Progression of Dengue Virus Infection to Severe Forms of the Disease in Burkina Faso

Background: Dengue fever is a major public health problem in Burkina Faso. Some people infected by dengue virus develop a severe dengue (SD) and potentially fatal form of the disease which are dengue hemorrhagic syndrome or dengue shock syndrome. Host genetic factors may be relevant, predisposing some individuals to severe disease. Polymorphisms of pro-inflammatory cytokines have been associated with the pathogenesis of dengue fever (DF). The aim of this study was to assess the involvement of IL10 cytokine gene polymorphisms to restriction sequence (rs), rs1800872 and rs1800896 in the pathogenesis of dengue fever and even in its progression to severe forms of the disease in Burkina Faso. We conducted a descriptive and analytical case-control study. A total of 246 subjects were recruited including, with 117 people who had never been in contact with the dengue virus considered as controls and 129 dengue disease patients. Polymorphisms in the IL10-592 and IL10-1082 genes were obtained by restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). We found that the AA genotype (46.81%/DF, 53.57%/DS and 23.08%/control) of the IL10-592 polymorphism was a risk factor associated with the DS form and the CA heterozygote (21.31%) tended not to favor DF infection. The GG genotype of IL10-1082 was associated with dengue fever and possible progression from DF to DS, while the AG genotype was associated with a higher risk of DF infection. The A allele of IL10-1082 (OR = 1.521 CI [1.046 - 2.215], p-value = 0.027) was associated with the development of dengue and would not be indifferent in the progression to the DS form. Polymorphisms in the IL10-1082 and IL10-592 genes seems to be associated with the pathogenesis of dengue disease and also with progression to the severe form of the disease.