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汉语发展性阅读障碍的检测手段及亚类型分类
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Abstract:
发展性阅读障碍(developmental dyslexia, DD)是学习障碍的一种，文章主要探讨了汉语发展性阅读障碍的两种检测手段，即“智商–成绩差异模型”和“阅读障碍的成分模型”以及各自检测方法下的亚类型分类。文章同时探讨了现有汉语DD研究中存在的不足以及对未来研究的展望。“差异模型”的可操作性强使其成为研究者在阅读障碍领域研究中广为使用的检测手段，但由于该方法无法揭示阅读障碍者在阅读过程中存在缺陷的实质成分，且智力水平测试会剔除一部分智力成绩低下的阅读障碍者，使其得不到有效的教育矫治。因此，越来越多研究者采用基于阅读成分理论的“成分模型”为汉语发展性阅读障碍检测手段。梳理研究表明，“成分模型”在汉语发展性阅读障碍检测和亚类型分析中具备可行性和有效性。
Developmental Dyslexia (DD) is a type of learning disability. This article mainly explores two detection methods for Chinese developmental dyslexia, namely the “IQ-Achievement Discrepancy Model” and the “Component Model”, as well as the sub-type classification under their respective detection methods. The article also explores the shortcomings of existing Chinese DD research and prospects for future research. The strong operability of the “IQ-Achievement Discrepancy Model” makes it a widely used detection method by researchers in the field of reading disorders. However, due to the inability of this method to reveal the essential components of the defects in the reading process of people with DD, and the fact that intelligence level tests may exclude some people with low intelligence scores, they cannot receive effective educational correction. Therefore, more and more researchers are adopting the “the Component Model” based on the theory of reading components as a means of detecting developmental reading disorders in Chinese. Research has shown that the “Component Model of Reading Disability” is feasible and effective in detecting and subtyping developmental dyslexia in Chinese.
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