国营商业企业工资改革研究——以上海市百货公司为例(1949~1955)
Research on Wage Reform in State-Owned Commercial Enterprises—A Case Study of Shanghai Department Store Company (1949~1955)

1952年底至1953年初，上海地区的国营商业企业通过首轮工资改革，基本完成了由供给制向工资制的过渡，职工的收入水平也有所提升。然而此次改革亦存在局限：一是商业系统的工资标准大多移植自政府部门，难以符合商业企业的劳动特点；二是上海地区的工资标准较全国其他地区更高，成为后续全国工资标准统一的潜障。1953年至1955年间，由于原有工资标准偏高，上海的国营商业企业迟迟未能落实国家统一工资标准，而职工的生活水平，也因工资水平下调、奖金取消等因素，有所下降。直至1956年，国家开启新一轮的全国统一的工资改革，上述问题才得以解决。
From late 1952 to early 1953, state-owned commercial enterprises in Shanghai essentially completed the transition from a supply-based system to a wage-based system through the first round of salary reforms, which also increased employees’ income levels. However, this reform had limitations: firstly, most wage standards in the commercial sector were directly adopted from government departments, failing to align with the labor characteristics of commercial enterprises; secondly, Shanghai’s wage standards were significantly higher than those in other regions, creating a potential barrier to subsequent nationwide wage standardization. Between 1953 and 1955, due to the excessively high original wage standards, Shanghai’s state-owned commercial enterprises delayed implementing the nationally unified wage standards. Meanwhile, employees’ living standards declined due to reduced wage levels and the abolition of bonus systems. It was not until 1956, when the state initiated a new nationwide wage reform, that these issues were fundamentally resolved.