《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中劳动思想研究综述
A Review of Research on the Concept of Labor in the Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844

本文围绕马克思《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中劳动思想展开研究，聚焦劳动异化理论的核心内容及其理论框架，深入分析了资本主义生产方式下劳动者与劳动产品、劳动过程、自身本质以及社会关系的全面异化现象。通过对国内外学术研究的梳理，本文总结了“顶点论”“断裂论”“过渡论”等多元视角对《手稿》的解读，分析了现有研究的贡献与不足。结合现代社会背景，劳动异化现象在全球化、技术革命等因素作用下愈发复杂化，马克思关于自由联合劳动的设想对当代劳动组织形式的重构、生态危机的应对以及社会发展的探索具有重要现实意义。
This paper examines the concept of labor in Marx’s Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844, focusing on the core content of the theory of alienated labor and its theoretical framework. It provides an in-depth analysis of the comprehensive alienation of workers from their products, the labor process, their own essence, and social relations under the capitalist mode of production. Through a review of both domestic and international academic research, this paper summarizes various interpretations of the Manuscripts, such as the “Peak Theory,” “Break Theory,” and “Transition Theory,” and analyzes the contributions and limitations of existing research. In light of contemporary societal developments, the phenomenon of alienated labor has become increasingly complex due to factors such as globalization and technological revolutions. Marx’s vision of free associative labor holds significant practical relevance for the reconstruction of contemporary labor organizations, addressing ecological crises, and exploring social development.