西安地区粮田土壤养分及施肥研究的演化
The Evolution of Research on Soil Nutrients and Fertilization in Grain Fields in Xi’an Area

西安作为我国西北地区重要的农业生产基地，其土壤养分检测与施肥技术对农业发展有重要作用。本文通过文献分析与数据整理，回顾了西安市土壤养分检测及施肥技术的发展历程，系统梳理各阶段的技术特征与实施成效。其发展历程可划分为：1976年~1978年零散测土；1980年~1986年全国土壤普查；1995年~2004年测土结合田间试验；2005年~2018年全国性的测土配方施肥的土壤养分检测及配套科学精准施肥技术的四个阶段。伴随科学技术和时代的发展，西安地区土壤养分状况发生显著改变，施肥技术也在逐步由粗犷化走向精准化。今后西安地区土壤肥料的发展应深度挖掘田间试验数据，结合施肥有关参数，通过培肥地力，实现优质高产、资源高效、环境友好的土壤状况，为西安市农业高质量发展奠定良好的地力基础。
As an important agricultural production base in the northwest region of China, Xi’an’s soil nutrient detection and fertilization techniques play a crucial role in agricultural development. Through literature analysis and data collation, this paper reviews the development process of soil nutrient detection and fertilization techniques in Xi’an, systematically sorting out the technical characteristics and implementation effects of each stage. The development process can be divided into four stages: scattered soil testing from 1976 to 1978; the national soil general survey from 1980 to 1986; the combination of soil testing and field experiments from 1995 to 2004; and the soil nutrient detection and supporting scientific and precise fertilization techniques of the national soil testing and formula fertilization from 2005 to 2018. With the development of science and technology and the passage of time, the soil nutrient status in the Xi’an area has changed significantly, and the fertilization techniques are gradually evolving from a rough approach to a more precise one. In the future, the development of soil and fertilizers in the Xi’an area should deeply explore the field experiment data, combine relevant fertilization parameters, and achieve a soil condition with high quality, high yield, high resource efficiency, and environmental friendliness by improving soil fertility, laying a good foundation of soil fertility for the high-quality development of agriculture in Xi’an.