互补、互嵌及互融：非正式照护参与老年长期照护服务供给体系研究
Complementarity, Embeddedness and Integration: Research on the Supply System of Informal Care Participating in Long-Term Care for the Elderly

推进我国老年长期照护服务供给的提质增效，是实现健康老龄化战略的关键行动。本研究立足于Litwak平衡理论、共同体理论以及整体性治理理论的多维视角，深入剖析非正式照护与正式照护之间的关系，明晰二者间“互补、互嵌及互融”的具体内涵，并据此构建老年长期照护服务供给共同体平衡–整合理论模型。本文选取北京市H区Z街道作为实践研究样态，剖析非正式照护与正式照护在平衡与整合过程中的实际特征与建设困境，目前该体系建设在场域、功能、机制等层次面临不同挑战，结合模型理想状态，应着力于推进联结媒介的数字化改造、增强非正式与正式照护的服务供给能力、促进互嵌式照护产业的发展，以及构建复合支持体系，实现非正式照护与正式照护“1 + 1 > 2”的效应，进而推动我国老年照护服务供给体系向着更加可持续和高效的方向发展。
Promoting the improvement and efficiency of long-term care services for the elderly in China is a key action to achieve the strategy of healthy aging. This study is based on the multidimensional perspectives of Litwak’s balance theory, community theory, and holistic governance theory. It deeply analyzes the relationship between informal care and formal care, clarifies the specific connotations of “complementarity, embedding, and integration” between the two, and constructs a theoretical model of community balance integration for the supply of long-term care services for the elderly based on this. This article selects Z Street in H District, Beijing as a practical research mode to analyze the actual characteristics and construction difficulties of balancing and integrating informal care and formal care. Currently, the construction of this system faces different challenges at the field, function, mechanism and other levels. Combining with the ideal state of the model, efforts should be made to enhance the service supply capacity of informal and formal care, promote the digital transformation of connecting media, promote the development of embedded care industry, and build a shared value concept system to achieve the “1 + 1 > 2” effect of informal and formal care, and further promote the development of China’s elderly care service supply system towards a more sustainable and efficient direction.