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区域间横向生态补偿标准与方法研究进展
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Abstract:
目前在标准和方法上对开展的众多横向补偿实践的系统梳理较少，本文分析了国内外横向生态补偿进展情况，理论上对横向生态补偿的方式、方法、标准进行了分析，重点梳理了我国当前普遍开展的横向补偿成果，并总结取得的成绩和问题所在，最后提出横向补偿开展的趋势和建议。研究认为，由于市场化环境还不成熟，政府主导的补偿依然占据主导，我国开展的大多数横向补偿为针对流域的水质或水量补偿，补偿方式、方法较为单一，补偿科学性不足。横向生态补偿是一项系统工程，应逐步完善体制机制建设，向市场化、系统化、多元化方向发展，应加强对生态系统服务的多要素、多功能横向综合补偿的科学分析。
Currently, there is a limited systematic review of the numerous horizontal compensation practices in terms of standards and methods. This paper analyzes the progress of horizontal ecological compensation both domestically and internationally, and theoretically examines the methods, approaches, and standards of horizontal ecological compensation. The paper focuses on the widely implemented horizontal compensation results in China, summarizes both achievements and challenges, and concludes with trends and recommendations for horizontal compensation implementation. The study finds that due to the underdeveloped market environment, government-led compensation remains dominant. Most of China’s horizontal compensation practices are focused on water quality or quantity compensation in river basins, with relatively simple compensation methods and insufficient scientific rigor. Horizontal ecological compensation is a complex system that requires gradual improvements in institutional mechanisms, moving towards market-oriented, systematic, and diversified approaches. It is necessary to enhance the scientific analysis of multi-element and multi-functional horizontal comprehensive compensation for ecosystem services.
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