The global energy landscape is transforming to tackle climate change, improve energy security, and meet growing energy demands. Energy storage technologies are vital for incorporating “renewable energy”, stabilizing electrical network, and advancing electrification. This review paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the technological advancements in energy storage systems (ESS) and their applicability in Africa. The study highlights the potential of ESS to address Africa’s energy challenges, including grid instability, rural electrification, and renewable energy integration. The paper critically evaluates various ESS technologies, such as lithium-ion batteries, pumped hydro storage, and flywheels, and assesses their economic, environmental, and technical feasibility in different African regions. The findings suggest that tailored ESS solutions, supported by innovative financing models and regional-specific policies, are essential for sustainable energy transitions in Africa. The paper concludes with recommendations for policymakers, researchers, and industry stakeholders to accelerate the adoption of ESS technologies across the continent.
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