This study examines the impact of soil treatments and grinding on the chemical reactivity, mineral structure, and nutrient availability of halloysite-rich soils from the Djando Plateau, Mohéli, Comoros, after 20 years of pesticide exposure. The research evaluates three soil amendments—sulfur dioxide (SO2), calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2, and untreated soil—focusing on their effects on potassium (K) extraction and soil pH over time. The results indicate that grinding and chemical treatments significantly modify the soil’s mineral composition and reactivity. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy reveals that untreated soil maintains its original mineral structure, while grinding alters hydration states and hydroxyl group coordination. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis shows that grinding, particularly when combined with sulfur treatment, disrupts crystal structures, enhancing soil reactivity by increasing surface area and ion-exchange capacity. Additionally, SO2 and Ca(OH)2 applications raise soil pH and improve potassium availability, with Ca(OH)2 having the most pronounced effect. These modifications enhance nutrient solubility, potentially improving soil fertility and agricultural productivity. The study highlights the role of soil amendments, especially Ca(OH)2, in optimizing soil chemical properties and supporting sustainable agriculture.
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