论主要法理学流派对犯罪学发展的影响
On the Influence of Major Schools of Jurisprudence on the Development of Criminology

在犯罪学领域，历经前犯罪学时期的古典学派、实证主义犯罪学派、近代犯罪学三个演变历程，而这与法理学的发展是密不可分的。前犯罪学时期的古典学派深受自然法学派和早期实证法学派的影响，重视理论研究；实证主义犯罪学派将实证研究法纳入犯罪原因分析与犯罪对策制定中，重视实践导向；近代犯罪学派则反映出了自然法学派与实证主义法学派的融合特征，并兼具吸收了社会法学派的思想精神。犯罪学与法理学都不是“裁判法”，都起到法律与政策的指导作用，因而表现出同步的特征。通过研究犯罪学演变历程，也可以把握法理学发展脉络。
In the field of criminology, it has gone through three evolutionary stages: the classical school in the pre-criminology period, the positivist school of criminology, and modern criminology. This is closely related to the development of jurisprudence. The classical school in the pre-criminology period was deeply influenced by the natural law school and the early positive law school, emphasizing theoretical research. The positivist school of criminology incorporated the empirical research method into the analysis of crime causes and the formulation of crime countermeasures, emphasizing a practical orientation. The modern school of criminology reflects the integration of the natural law school and the positivist school of law, and also absorbs the ideological spirit of the sociological school of law. Neither criminology nor jurisprudence is “adjudicative law”, and both play a guiding role in laws and policies, thus showing synchronous characteristics. By studying the evolutionary history of criminology, we can also grasp the development context of jurisprudence.