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脉络膜在角膜塑形镜控制近视中的作用研究进展
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Abstract:
近视作为一种全球性的高发性疾病，其发病机制和防控手段备受关注。角膜塑形镜(orthokeratology, OK镜)被证明可以有效抑制近视眼的眼轴增长，作为近视控制的重要手段正在被广泛应用，但OK镜控制眼轴增长的具体机制目前尚不清楚。研究发现，近视发生发展过程中存在脉络膜的改变，主要是脉络膜厚度(choroidal thicknes, ChT)降低和脉络膜血流灌注(choroidal blood perfusion, ChBP)减少。同时有研究表明，在使用OK镜抑制眼轴增长的过程中，存在ChT增厚和ChBP增多等改变。近期研究发现，早期的脉络膜改变与远期的近视转变有相关性。同时，OK镜配戴早期1月时的脉络膜改变可以预测远期1年后的近视控制效果。综合分析，在OK镜控制近视的过程中，脉络膜的改变起到一定的积极作用。通过药物和技术手段控制脉络膜的厚度和血流灌注可以作为近视防控的新思路和新导向。
Myopia, a prevalent global disease, has been paid considerable attention in the pathogenesis and preventive strategies. Orthokeratology has been demonstrated to effectively inhibit axial elongation in myopic eyes, serving as a possible method for myopia control. However, the specific mechanism by which orthokeratology controls axial elongation remains unclear. Studies have observed choroidal changes during the progression of myopia, characterized primarily by the decrease in choroidal thickness (ChT) and choroidal blood perfusion (ChBP). Simultaneously, research indicates that control of axial elongation with orthokeratology is associated with increased ChT and enhanced ChBP. Recent studies have found that early choroidal changes are correlated with long-term myopia progression. Moreover, choroidal changes observed one month after the initiation of orthokeratology can predict myopia control outcomes one year later. Taken together, these findings suggest that choroidal changes play an important role in modulating myopia progression with orthokeratology. Regulating choroidal thickness and blood perfusion through pharmaceutical and technological means may provide new insights and strategies for myopia prevention and control.
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