从他者伦理学看《达洛维夫人》：主体间性转向
A Study of Mrs. Dalloway from the Ethics of the Other: The Intersubjective Turn

弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫的代表作《达洛维夫人》通过对各人物间复杂动态关系的描写，体现了对哲学中主体性和主体间性的思考。结合列维纳斯提出的他者伦理学思想，首先通过分析小说中达洛维夫人与基尔曼小姐、达洛维夫人与彼德的关系，展现与早期主体性哲学阶段类似的主体性之争；再通过解读小说中塞普提莫斯夫妇二人之间和达洛维夫人、基尔曼小姐与伊丽莎白三者之间的关系，揭示小说中体现的主体性到主体间性的他者伦理学转向；最后揭露弗吉尼亚真正所期待的主体间关系：即主体间应该保持一种永恒的“间距”。而正是主体对降之于自身的对他者责任的承担，主体才得以成为真正的主体。
Virginia Woolf’s masterpiece Mrs. Dalloway embodies the reflection on subjectivity and intersubjectivity in philosophy through the portrayal of the complex and dynamic relationship between various characters. Combined with the idea of “the Ethics of the Other” put forward by Levinas, firstly, through analysing the relationship between Mrs. Dalloway and Miss Kilman, and Mrs. Dalloway and Peter in the novel, it demonstrates the dispute of subjectivity similar to the early stage of the philosophy of subjectivity; then, through interpreting the relationship between Mr. and Mrs. Septimus and the relationship between Mrs. Dalloway, Miss Kilman, and Elizabeth in the novel, it reveals the turn to the ethics of the Other from subjectivity to intersubjectivity. And finally, it exposes the intersubjectivity that Virginia really expects: that is, the subjects should maintain an eternal “spacing”. It is the subject’s assumption of the responsibility for the Other, which is entrusted to the subject, that makes the subject a true “subject”.