银的赋存状态及其矿物学特征研究进展
Research Progress on Silver Occurrence and Its Mineralogical Characteristics

银是一种在工业生产、新兴电子技术和医疗卫生领域广泛应用的贵金属资源。天然矿床中银的赋存形式复杂多样，不同类型矿床中银元素的矿物学赋存特征差异显著，这对矿床的勘查预测、资源评价及选冶回收工艺有着直接影响。近年来，随着扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、电子探针(EPMA)、激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子质谱(LA-ICP-MS)等微观原位分析技术的快速发展，关于银在矿物内部的赋存形式和微区分布特征的研究取得了较大进展。文章在总结梳理国内不同类型银矿床(包括低温热液型，即低硫型、中硫型和高硫型，以及矽卡岩型、斑岩型和五元素型)中银元素赋存状态研究成果的基础上，进一步探讨银的矿物赋存特征与成矿作用的联系。同时，分析当前研究中亟待解决的科学问题，展望后续研究的关键方向，为银矿床成矿理论的深化和银矿资源的高效利用提供参考。
Silver is a precious metal resource widely used in industrial production, emerging electronic technologies, and healthcare fields. The occurrence of silver in natural ore deposits is complex and diverse, and its mineralogical occurrence characteristics vary greatly among different deposit types. These differences directly affect ore deposit exploration and prediction, resource evaluation, and beneficiation and recovery processes. In recent years, with the rapid development of micro in-situ analysis techniques such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Electron Probe Microanalysis (EPMA), and Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), significant progress has been made in the study of the occurrence forms and micro-distribution characteristics of silver within minerals. This paper summarizes and combs the research results on the occurrence of silver in different types of silver deposits in China (including low-temperature hydrothermal deposits, namely low-sulfur, medium-sulfur, and high-sulfur types, as well as skarn, porphyry, and penta-element types), and further explores the relationship between the mineral occurrence characteristics of silver and the mineralization process. At the same time, this paper analyzes the scientific problems that need to be solved urgently in current research and looks ahead to the key directions of subsequent research, providing references for the deepening of silver deposit metallogenic theory and the efficient utilization of silver ore resources.