The masses of the fundamental fermions are fit using properties of the minimal Higgs sector of the standard model and also using insights from an anomaly-free quantum field theory (QFT) with permutational symmetry. With this approach, three generations for each family of fermions arise due to the quartic potential of the Higgs fields and the details of their coupling to ghosts and gauge functions. A similar procedure allows calculation of the mass parameters including the hop amplitudes of the mass matrices of the QFT with permutational symmetry. With both approaches there are two free parameters per family to fit the masses. The latter QFT and the Higgs-based approach lead to related physical interpretations. This paper further reinforces the notion that fundamental fermions are composite particles, comprising “preons” within the minimal Higgs sector.
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