Bonded zones (BZs) and export processing zones (EPZs), as key measures to promote the development of export-oriented economy, have an important impact on the export commodity structures (ECSs). Using the panel data of 30 provinces, this paper empirically tests the impact of BZ and EPZ on the ECSs and the mechanism of action through the double difference method (DID). The research results show that: from the national sample, the establishment of BZ has significantly improved the ECSs. The results of regional heterogeneity show that the BZ only improves the export commodity structure (ECS) of the inland area, while the EPZ can improve the ECS of the coastal area. The dynamic effect results show that with the passage of time, the promotion effect of the BZ on the national ECS gradually increases; in the coastal area, the promotion effect of the EPZ on the ECS gradually increases; in the inland area, the BZ promotes the ECS. The promoting effect of the structure is gradually strengthened, and the inhibitory effect of the EPZ on the ECS is gradually strengthened. The mechanism test shows that the BZ improves my country’s ECS through the agglomeration effect. Based on this, this paper puts forward suggestions for optimizing industrial function positioning, adjusting industrial planning according to local conditions to adapt to comparative advantages, industrial policy aiming at upgrading the structure of long-term export commodities, and establishing supporting policies to exert agglomeration effect.
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