Bangladesh has maintained a pluralistic health system over the decades. While the country has made significant progress in various health outcome indicators, it continues to face management and financial challenges. This study compares Bangladesh’s primary healthcare system with those of its neighboring countries, India and Thailand, to identify existing gaps between theory and practice. By focusing on ten key areas of healthcare, Bangladesh can improve accessibility, quality, and affordability, ultimately ensuring better health outcomes, particularly for the poor, marginalized, and vulnerable populations.
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