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烯丙基锍盐环化反应的研究进展
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Abstract:
烯丙基锍盐作为一类具有独特反应特性的有机硫试剂，近年来在有机合成领域引起了广泛关注。其优异的亲电性和可调控的反应活性，使其在含硫杂环化合物及复杂碳环骨架的构建中展现出显著优势，在天然产物全合成、药物化学以及功能材料等领域具有重要应用价值。本文系统综述了近年来烯丙基锍盐环化反应的研究进展，重点阐述了其反应机理、催化体系、不对称控制策略及其在有机合成中的应用。研究表明，烯丙基锍盐在[3+3]和[4+3]环加成反应中表现出优异的反应性能，作为一碳、二碳和三碳合成子在杂环化合物的构筑中也发挥着重要作用。然而，其应用面临着预合成锍盐步骤限制和手性控制策略开发的挑战，未来仍需进一步探索。
Allylic sulfonium salts, as a class of organosulfur reagents with unique reactivity, have garnered significant attention in the field of organic synthesis in recent years. Their excellent electrophilicity and tunable reactivity make them highly effective in the construction of sulfur-containing heterocycles and complex carbon frameworks, demonstrating significant advantages in the total synthesis of natural products, medicinal chemistry, and functional materials. This article systematically reviews recent advances in the cyclization reactions of allylic sulfonium salts, with a focus on reaction mechanisms, catalytic systems, asymmetric control strategies, and their applications in organic synthesis. Studies have shown that allylic sulfonium salts exhibit outstanding performance in [3+3] and [4+3] cycloaddition reactions and play a crucial role as one-carbon, two-carbon, and three-carbon synthons in the construction of complex macrocyclic compounds. However, their application faces challenges such as limitations in the pre-synthesis of sulfonium salts and the development of chiral control strategies, which require further exploration in the future.
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