缝洞型地层漏失机理及井漏数值模拟研究进展
Research Advances in Lost Circulation Mechanisms and Numerical Simulation of Fracture-Vuggy Formations

钻井液漏失仍是危及复杂油气藏安全钻井作业的关键性挑战。该问题在钻遇天然裂缝性储层、压力衰竭地层、弱胶结/破碎性储集层以及多压力体系时尤为显著。为了有效预防和控制缝洞型地层可能要发生的井漏，需要明确钻井液漏失理论和漏失特征。本文通过系统论述井漏数值模拟方法的演进历程，从早期连续介质理论、离散裂缝网络建模，到多场耦合与智能化技术，综述了目前国内外“地质认知深化–计算技术迭代–工程需求牵引”的协同创新机制。通过对比主流方法的适用性与局限性，提出未来需突破地质–工程数据融合、实时动态耦合算法与跨尺度统一理论框架等瓶颈。
Lost circulation remains a critical challenge jeopardizing safe drilling operations in complex hydrocarbon reservoirs. This issue becomes particularly pronounced when penetrating naturally fractured formations, pressure-depleted zones, weakly consolidated/fragmented reservoirs, and multiple pressure regimes. To effectively prevent and control potential lost circulation in fracture-vuggy formations, it is imperative to establish comprehensive theories governing drilling fluid loss mechanisms and characterize leakage behavioral patterns. This paper systematically reviews the evolutionary trajectory of numerical simulation methodologies for lost circulation analysis—progressing from early continuum mechanics frameworks and discrete fracture network (DFN) modeling to contemporary multi-physics coupling systems and intelligent simulation technologies. It synthesizes the current synergistic innovation mechanism driven by “geological cognition advancement, computational technology iteration, and engineering demand traction” within domestic and international research communities. Through comparative analysis of mainstream methodologies’ applicability and limitations, we propose future research priorities focusing on breakthroughs in geological-engineering data fusion, real-time dynamic coupling algorithms, and cross-scale unified theoretical frameworks.