浅论施补华的《拟白香山赠友》
A Brief Discussion on Shi Buhua’s Imitating Bai Xiangshan’s Poem to a Friend

晚清诗人施补华所作《拟白香山赠友》(五首)曾被晚清著名学者俞樾收录进其所编《诂经精舍三集》中。该组诗是一组五言古体诗，其诗体渊源可上溯至《诗经》《楚辞》时代，经两汉、魏晋南北朝迅速发展与成熟，而至唐代到达顶峰。这组诗具有鲜明的时代特征与“诗史”性质，其取材广泛，真实记录了当时重大的社会事件。在艺术表现方面，诗歌运用对比手法与群体人物塑造，语言浅显平实，展现了独特的艺术特色。就思想内涵而言，作品深刻揭露时弊，充分发挥了诗歌的政治讽刺功能，体现了显著的民本思想。然而，诗歌在艺术表现上仍存在一定局限，主要表现为语言过于直白，缺乏必要的艺术加工，且在思想表达上缺少深入的议论与阐发。
The poem Imitating Bai Xiangshan’s Poems to a Friend (five pieces) by the late Qing poet Shi Buhua was included in the Collected Works of Gujing Jingshe, Third Series compiled by the renowned late Qing scholar Yu Yue. This set of poems belongs to the ancient five-character style, whose origins can be traced back to the era of The Book of Songs and the Chuci, rapidly developed and matured during the Han, Wei, Jin, and Southern and Northern Dynasties, and reached its culmination in the Tang Dynasty. These poems exhibit distinct characteristics of their time and possess a “poetic history” quality, drawing from a wide range of subjects and authentically recording significant social events of the period. In terms of artistic expression, the poems employ contrastive techniques and group character portrayals, with language that is simple and unadorned, showcasing unique artistic features. Regarding ideological depth, the works profoundly expose contemporary malpractices, fully leveraging the political satirical function of poetry and reflecting a notable people-centered ideology. However, the artistic expression of the poems still exhibits certain limitations, primarily manifested in overly straightforward language lacking necessary artistic refinement, as well as a lack of in-depth discussion and elaboration in ideological expression.