边坡稳定分析方法以及防治措施研究现状与应用综述
Review of Research Status and Application of Slope Stability Analysis Methods and Prevention Measures

文中从边坡稳定分析方法、边坡防护技术以及边坡加固处理方法等三个方面对边坡工程理论与实践的研究现状、存在问题及发展方向作了简要评述。尽管边坡工程领域已取得显著进展，但在理论体系与技术应用层面仍存在诸多瓶颈。在稳定分析方面，传统极限平衡法对复杂三维边坡及多场耦合效应的适应性不足，而数值模拟方法在材料本构参数选取与边界条件设定上仍存在较大经验依赖性，导致计算结果与实际工况存在偏差。防护技术领域，现有生态护坡技术普遍存在植物根系加固效应量化困难、长期服役性能衰减机制不明等问题，且柔性防护系统在极端降雨或地震荷载下的动态响应规律仍需深化研究。加固处理方面，组合加固结构的协同工作机制尚未完全明晰，土钉支护在富水软土地层中的蠕变特性与耐久性仍缺乏长期监测数据支撑，制约了设计理论的精细化发展。当前研究成果为边坡工程实践提供了重要指导：柔性防护系统的模块化设计可显著提升崩滑灾害应急处治效率；锚固桩–土钉墙组合结构在高速公路高边坡治理中的成功应用，验证了分级加固理念的技术经济优势；生态护坡技术的区域适应性研究，则为不同气候带边坡修复提供了差异化实施方案。建议在工程设计中建立“监测–预警–处治”联动机制，通过光纤传感与InSAR技术构建边坡健康诊断系统，实现从被动治理向主动防控的范式转变。
The article briefly reviews the research status, existing problems, and development direction of slope engineering theory and practice from three aspects: slope stability analysis methods, slope protection techniques, and slope reinforcement treatment methods. Although significant progress has been made in the field of slope engineering, there are still many bottlenecks in the theoretical system and technical application. In the stability analysis, the traditional limit equilibrium method is not suitable for the complex three-dimensional slope and multi-field coupling effects, while the numerical simulation method still has a large empirical dependence on the selection of material constitutive parameters and boundary conditions, which leads to the deviation between the calculated results and the actual working conditions. In the field of protection technology, existing ecological slope protection technologies generally have problems such as difficulty in quantifying the reinforcement effect of plant roots and unclear attenuation mechanism of long-term service performance, and the dynamic response law of flexible protection systems under extreme rainfall or earthquake loads still needs to be further studied. In terms of reinforcement treatment, the cooperative working mechanism of the combined reinforcement structure has not been fully clarified, and the creep characteristics and durability of the soil nailing support in the water-rich soft soil layer still lack long-term monitoring data support, which restricts the fine development of the design theory. The current research results provide important guidance for slope engineering practice: the modular design of flexible protection system can significantly improve the emergency treatment efficiency of landslide disaster; the successful application of the combined structure of anchoring pile and soil nailing wall in the treatment