创伤与疗愈：《来世》中哈姆扎的身份困境与突围
Trauma and Recovery: Hamza’s Identity Dilemma and Breakout in Afterlives

古尔纳的小说《来世》以战争与殖民为宏观背景，呈现社会边缘群体在动荡时局中的生存困境与相互救赎。文章基于朱迪斯·赫尔曼的创伤理论，聚焦主人公哈姆扎的创伤经历与疗愈路径，探讨其身份认同的断裂与重构过程。哈姆扎的原生家庭创伤直接导致其自我认知的碎片化；战争造成其身体损伤与持续性心理创伤，阻碍战后社会角色的重建；跨文化语境下的价值冲突则使其陷入文化归属的迷惘。通过布道院的物理庇护、与阿菲娅的情感联结以及地缘与精神共同体的重建，哈姆扎逐步实现从创伤到疗愈的身份突围。这一过程不仅是个体生命的救赎之旅，也为理解集体创伤下的身份重构提供文学镜鉴，凸显文化连续性与精神纽带在身份重塑中的核心作用。
Gurnah’s novel Afterlives is set against the grand backdrop of war and colonialism, depicting the struggle for survival and mutual redemption of marginalized nobodies in difficult times. This paper, drawing on Judith Herman’s trauma theory, focuses on the protagonist Hamza’s traumatic experiences and the path to his healing, analyzing the dilemmas he faces in identity formation and his journey of breaking through. Hamza’s experience of being abandoned by his native family directly leads to the fragmentation of his self-identity. The war not only leaves him physically disabled but also afflicts him with post-traumatic stress disorder, making it difficult for him to integrate into society after the war and severely hindering the construction of his social identity. The powerful invasion of colonial culture traps Hamza between the local culture and the colonial culture, plunging him into a predicament in cultural identity, and his collective identity gradually dissipates under the impact of colonial culture. During Hamza’s process of healing his trauma, the mission provides a place for his injured body to recover. His love with Afiya helps him bravely face his past. Interwoven with geographical and spiritual bonds, Hamza reestablishes a close connection with society and gradually retrieves his lost cultural identity. Hamza’s experience is not only a portrayal of an individual’s life journey, but also a microcosm of countless groups traumatized by war and colonialism. His story provides profound insights into the coping strategies and future directions when humanity faces collective mental trauma, warning us to attach importance to the crucial role of cultural inheritance and identity in national rejuvenation.