论《俄狄浦斯王》与《雷雨》中悲剧宿命观对人文思想的启迪
On the Enlightenment of Tragic Fatalism in Oedipus the King and Thunderstorm to Humanistic Thought

古希腊作为世界民主政治的重要发源地之一，受其社会因素影响，早期文学创作意识融合了对人自身发展的理性批判与启迪，其中以悲剧文学题材为代表，索福克勒斯的《俄狄浦斯王》作为“十全十美”的悲剧深刻揭示了这一观念，通过完美英雄形象与悲剧宿命的对立写照，展现了人文思想自由独立发展的过程中，自身的行为准则要合乎社会道德规范，其悲剧文学价值中的斗争、平等精神和早期民主道德思想对后世欧洲及中国的悲剧创作产生了深远影响，其中以曹禺先生的《雷雨》为例对比分析中西方不同历史时期悲剧文学对社会中人文思想发展的促进作用，以及西学东渐过程中二者的革新发展。
As one of the important birthplaces of democracy in the world, Ancient Greece, influenced by its social factors, integrated the rational criticism and enlightenment of human development in its early literary creation consciousness, which was represented by tragic literature. Sophocles’ Oedipus the King, as a tragedy of “perfection”, deeply revealed this concept. Through the opposite portrayal of the perfect hero image and the tragic destiny, it shows that in the process of the free and independent development of human thought, its own code of conduct should conform to the social moral norms. The struggle, the spirit of equality, and the early democratic moral consciousness in the value of tragedy literature have had a profound influence on the later generations of tragedy in Europe and China. Taking Cao Yu’s Thunderstorm as an example, the author makes a comparative analysis of the promoting effect of tragic literature in different historical periods on the development of humanistic thoughts in society, as well as the innovation and development of the two in the process of the eastward spread of Western learning.