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功能性纳米水凝胶治疗糖尿病慢性难愈性创面的研究进展
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Abstract:
糖尿病是全球高发的代谢性疾病。糖尿病慢性难愈性创面作为糖尿病最常见的并发症，具有发病率高、愈合时间长、感染风险高、治疗困难的特点。目前针对糖尿病慢性难愈性创面的敷料有许多，水凝胶作为一种新型材料，具有特殊的三维交联网络结构以及良好的吸水性、透气性、生物相容性，在药物搭载及药物控释方面优势明显，被广泛应用于糖尿病慢性难愈性创面的治疗。纳米粒子(NP)是纳米结构的基本组成部分，具有独特的尺寸和特性，也可用于药物负载并提供持续的药物输送，促进创面愈合。为满足临床治疗糖尿病慢性创面的需求，近年来许多研究人员将水凝胶与纳米颗粒相结合形成纳米水凝胶用于治疗糖尿病慢性创面。将纳米粒子和水凝胶结构组合，形成具有单个成分所没有的独特性质的先进材料，使其具有多种生物活性功能，以匹配伤口愈合过程中不同阶段的功能要求，从而更有效地促进慢性伤口的修复。本文基于糖尿病创面难愈合的因素、水凝胶敷料和纳米粒子，以及功能性纳米水凝胶敷料治疗糖尿病慢性创面的进展作一综述，为临床治疗糖尿病慢性创面寻找高效、安全的新策略提供依据。
Diabetes is a metabolic disease that is highly prevalent worldwide. As the most common complication of diabetes, chronic and difficult-to-healing wounds are characterized by high incidence, long healing time, high risk of infection and difficulty in treatment. Currently, there are many dressings for chronic and difficult-to-heal wounds in diabetes. As a new material, hydrogel has a special three-dimensional cross-linking network structure and good water absorption, breathability, and biocompatibility. It is used in drug delivery and drug control. It has obvious advantages in terms of release and is widely used in the treatment of chronic difficult-to-heal wounds in diabetes. Nanoparticles (NPs) are fundamental components of nanostructures, with unique sizes and properties, and can also be used for drug loading and provide continuous drug delivery, promoting wound healing. To meet the clinical needs of chronic wounds in diabetes, many researchers have combined hydrogels with nanoparticles to form nanohydrogels for the treatment of chronic wounds in diabetes. Combining nanoparticles and hydrogel structures to form advanced materials with unique properties that a single component does not have, giving them multiple biologically active functions to match the functional requirements of different stages of the wound healing process, thereby more effectively promoting chronicity repair of wounds. This article provides a review on the factors that make it difficult to heal diabetic wounds, the progress of hydrogel dressings, nanoparticles and functional nanohydrogel dressings in the treatment of chronic diabetic wounds, providing a basis for finding efficient and safe new strategies for clinical treatment of chronic diabetic wounds.
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