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语境对双语者认知控制影响的研究综述
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Abstract:
近年来，双语经验与认知控制的关系成为认知心理学研究的热点。本文系统综述了语境对双语者认知控制的影响，整合适应性控制假说、双重认知控制理论及语言经验轨迹模型等理论框架，揭示了不同语言环境对认知控制成分与认知控制模式的动态塑造机制。长期语境差异促使双语者认知控制模式的改变，并通过增强默认模式网络与认知控制网络的连接，提升任务切换效率。情境性语境操控进一步表明，混合语言环境可即时优化冲突解决，但对不同认知成分存在异质性影响。未来研究需整合相关理论模型，探索认知控制与语境的双向交互效应，并扩展至不同语言群体，以深化对语言经验与神经可塑性关系的理解。
In recent years, the relationship between bilingual experience and cognitive control has become a focal point in cognitive psychology research. This article systematically reviews the impact of linguistic contexts on bilinguals’ cognitive control, integrating theoretical frameworks including the Adaptive Control Hypothesis, the Dual Mechanisms of Control Framework, and the Language Experience Trajectory Model. It elucidates the dynamic mechanisms through which different language environments shape both components of cognitive control and cognitive control patterns. Long-term contextual differences drive adaptive changes in bilinguals’ cognitive control patterns, enhancing task-switching efficiency through strengthened connectivity between the default mode network and cognitive control networks. Situational context manipulation further indicates that mixed language environments can immediately optimize conflict resolution while exerting heterogeneous effects on distinct cognitive components. Future research should integrate relevant theoretical models to explore bidirectional interactions between cognitive control and linguistic contexts, extend investigations to diverse language populations, and deepen understanding of the relationship between language experience and neural plasticity.
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