言与默：《心是孤独的猎手》中的伦理重构
Sound and Silence: Ethical Reconstruction in The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter

孤独是卡森·麦卡勒斯的《心是孤独的猎手》的重要主题，这一主题表征在小说人物间对话关系和情感结构中，更在深层上体现作者独特的伦理观。在《猎手》和其他多部小说中，麦卡勒斯提出了著名的“爱与被爱”模型，然而麦卡勒斯式的爱情实际上反映出西方自古希腊以来爱情想象的逻格斯中心主义和主体霸权，理性主体以爱之名客体化他者，反而导致了自身的孤独；这一模式在《猎手》中被改造为人物的“独白–倾听”机制，考普兰医生等角色对言说的沉迷体现了南方底层社会对权力和征服他者的渴求，“非正常”的哑巴辛格则成为无法说话的他者，人物们的言说变成独白，强化了他们不可排解的存在性孤独；但辛格的沉默被麦卡勒斯赋予了超越语言的神秘力量，呼应了列维纳斯的“面孔”和“言说”等概念，最终打破了人物的独白，逆转了主体间的权力神话，重构起自我和他者之间的伦理关系。
Loneliness is a central theme in Carson McCullers’ The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter, represented through the communication and emotional structures between the characters, and more profoundly, reflecting the author’s unique ethical perspective. McCullers’ famous model of “love and to be loved” actually mirrors the logocentrism and subject dominance inherent in Western conceptions of love since ancient Greek, thus leading to the isolation of the rational subject. This model is transformed in the novel into a “monologue-listening” mechanism, where characters like Dr. Copeland are obsessed with their own speech, revealing their existential loneliness and the lower Southern society’s yearning for power and dominance over others. The “abnormal” mute, Singer, becomes the absolute other who cannot speak. However, Singer’s silence ultimately disrupts the characters’ monologues, reversing the myth of power between subjects and echoing Emmanuel Levinas’ concepts of the “face” and “saying,” thereby reconstructing the ethical relationship between self and other.