|
|
工作家庭冲突会引起员工新一轮工作重塑吗？组织支持感和性别的调节作用
|
Abstract:
本研究聚焦于工作家庭冲突对员工工作重塑的影响机制，深入剖析组织支持感与性别在其中的调节效应。在现代工作模式变革的背景下，工作与家庭边界的模糊致使工作家庭冲突频发，这一现象对员工工作重塑行为的影响备受关注。工作重塑作为员工主动调整工作任务及角色边界以契合自身需求与偏好的行为，在组织与员工发展中具有重要意义。研究发现，工作家庭冲突在消耗个体资源、加重压力的同时，在特定情境下也可能通过资源转化机制激发员工的工作重塑行为。组织支持感能够通过情感性与工具性支持有效缓解工作家庭冲突对员工工作重塑的负面影响，而性别作为关键调节变量，在员工感知与应对工作家庭冲突中发挥着重要作用。尤其在东亚文化情境下，传统性别角色观念强化了女性员工的家庭情感劳动，使其工作重塑更倾向于通过缩减家庭责任而非扩展工作边界实现平衡。本研究为理解工作家庭冲突与员工工作重塑之间的关系提供了全新视角，也为组织在复杂的工作家庭环境中支持员工平衡角色冲突提供了坚实的理论依据。
This study focuses on the impact mechanism of work-family conflict on employees’ job crafting behavior, analyzing in depth the moderating effects of perceived organizational support and gender. In the context of modern changes in work patterns, the blurred boundaries between work and family have led to frequent work-family conflicts, which have drawn increasing attention regarding their impact on employees’ job crafting behavior. Job crafting, as a proactive behavior in which employees adjust their work tasks and role boundaries to align with their needs and preferences, plays a significant role in both organizational and employee development. The study finds that, while work-family conflict depletes individual resources and increases stress, it may, in certain situations, also trigger job crafting through resource conversion mechanisms. Perceived organizational support can effectively mitigate the negative impact of work-family conflict on job crafting through emotional and instrumental support. Gender, as a key moderating variable, plays an important role in how employees perceive and cope with work-family conflict. Especially in East Asian cultural contexts, traditional gender role expectations intensify the emotional labor of female employees in the family, leading them to balance their work by reducing family responsibilities rather than expanding their work boundaries. This study provides a new perspective for understanding the relationship between work-family conflict and employees’ job crafting, and offers a solid theoretical foundation for organizations to support employees in balancing role conflicts in complex work-family environments.
| [1] | 程佳琳(2023). 从有限到极限: 数字化技术条件下极限目标的影响效应研究. 博士学位论文, 上海: 上海财经大学. |
| [2] | 付景涛, 刘路瑶, 张靓婷(2022). 放任型领导影响员工工作重塑的双刃剑效应. 管理学报, 19(5), 666-675. |
| [3] | 郭一蓉, 陈黎梅, 占小军(2021). 自我牺牲型领导对员工工作重塑的影响机制研究. 管理学报, 18(10), 1503-1511. |
| [4] | 李辉, 张海云, 吴婷(2022). 调节定向视角的工作重塑对工作家庭冲突的影响. 中国人力资源开发, 39(6), 67-80. |
| [5] | 林新月, 孟亮(2022). 嵌入于社会情境的工作重塑. 心理科学进展, 30(4), 888-905. |
| [6] | 倪旭东, 朱星魁, 潘成凯(2022). 领导风格与工作重塑的关系: 来自元分析的证据. 中国人力资源开发, 39(4), 45-67. |
| [7] | 朋震, 殷嘉琦(2021). 工作重塑研究: 二十年回顾与展望. 管理现代化, 41(2), 111-116. |
| [8] | 王宁, 吴书慧, 杨芮, 周密, 张谦(2023). 执行任务还是维系关系? 工作家庭冲突的内容结构及其对工作重塑的影响研究. 中国人力资源开发, 40(2), 52-72. |
| [9] | 王震, 陈子媚, 宋萌(2021). 工作、家庭难兼顾? 工作-家庭资源模型在组织管理研究中的应用与发展. 中国人力资源开发, 38(11), 58-79. |
| [10] | 谢义忠, 时勘(2007). 工作属性、社会支持对电信员工工作家庭冲突的影响. 中国心理卫生杂志, 21(11), 773-776. |
| [11] | 徐玮悦, 赵波, 陈聪芸(2024). 家庭支持型主管行为与工作重塑对工作-家庭增益的影响. 中国劳动, (4), 82-96. |
| [12] | 游苏敏(2023). 工作重塑与家庭重塑的相互作用机制和影响研究. 硕士学位论文, 武汉: 华中师范大学. |
| [13] | 张兰霞, 毛孟雨, 王乐乐, 张卓(2023). 工作重塑与家庭重塑对主动性行为的影响机制研究. 管理评论, 35(5), 136-147. |
| [14] | 赵修文, 张扬露, 肖金岑, 王苗, 王宝会(2024). 员工家庭经济压力何以促进工作重塑行为: 压力转换视角. 西华大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 43(1), 90-100. |
| [15] | Ashforth, B. E., Myers, K. K., & Sluss, D. M. (2012). Socialization Perspectives and Positive Organizational Scholarship. In K. S. Cameron, & G. M. Spreitzer (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Positive Organizational Scholarship (pp. 75-91). Oxford University Press. |
| [16] | Bakker, A. B., Tims, M., & Derks, D. (2012). Proactive Personality and Job Performance: The Role of Job Crafting and Work Engagement. Human Relations, 65, 1359-1378. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726712453471 |
| [17] | Berg, J. M., Dutton, J. E., & Wrzesniewski, A. (2008). What Is Job Crafting? Academy of Management Proceedings, 2008, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.5468/am.2008.1.1.1 |
| [18] | Beutell, N. J. (1985). Work and Family: A Study of Role Conflict. Journal of Business Research, 13, 141-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-2963(85)90045-3 |
| [19] | Bruck, C. S., Allen, T. D., & Spector, P. E. (2002). The Relation between Work-Family Conflict and Job Satisfaction: A Fine-Grained Cross-Domain Investigation. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 60, 385-408. |
| [20] | Bruning, P. F., & Campion, M. A. (2018). A Role-Resource Approach-Avoidance Model of Job Crafting: A Multimethod Integration and Extension of Job Crafting Theory. Academy of Management Journal, 61, 499-522. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2015.0604 |
| [21] | Charu, S. (2011). The Changing Face of Employee Engagement: A New Era of Self-Management. Journal of Business Research, 64, 1425-1431. |
| [22] | Clark, S. C. (2000). Work/Family Border Theory: A New Theory of Work/Family Balance. Human Relations, 53, 747-770. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726700536001 |
| [23] | Eagly, A. H. (1987). Sex Differences in Social Behavior: A Social-Role Interpretation. Lawrence Erlbaum. |
| [24] | Eisenberger, R., Armeli, S., Rexwinkel, B., Lynch, P. D., & Rhoades, L. (2001). Reciprocation of Perceived Organizational Support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 42-51. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.86.1.42 |
| [25] | Eisenberger, R., Fasolo, P., & Davis-LaMastro, V. (1990). Perceived Organizational Support and Employee Diligence, Commitment, and Innovation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75, 51-59. https://doi.org/10.1037//0021-9010.75.1.51 |
| [26] | Gao, Y., & Jin, Y. (2015). The Impact of Work-Family Conflict on Job Satisfaction and Life Satisfaction: The Mediating Role of Work-Family Conflict. Journal of Business Research, 68, 123-132. |
| [27] | Gutek, B. A., Searle, S., & Klepa, L. (1991). Work and Family: Conflict or Synergy? Journal of Vocational Behavior, 38, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-2963(91)90045-3 |
| [28] | Haslam, S. A., & Ellemers, N. (2006). Social Identity in Industrial and Organizational Psychology: Concepts, Controversies and Contributions. In G. P. Hodgkinson, & J. K. Ford (Eds.), International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology 2005 (pp. 39-118). Wiley. |
| [29] | Hobfoll, S. E., Johnson, R. J., Ennis, N., & Jackson, A. P. (2018). Conservation of Resources Theory: A New Stress Paradigm. In C. L. Cooper, & J. C. Quick (Eds.), Stress and Health: Psychological, Social, and Biological Approaches to Stress (pp. 51-72). Routledge. |
| [30] | Hu, X., Zhang, J., & Wang, Z. (2020). The Role of Employee Proactivity in Job Crafting: A Self-Determination Theory Perspective. Human Resource Management Journal, 24, 456-478. https://doi.org/10.1111/hrm.12098 |
| [31] | ILO (International Labour Organization) (2024). Global Labour Report 2024. International Labour Organization. |
| [32] | Kim, J. (2018). The Role of Job Crafting in Employee Well-Being: A Self-Determination Theory Perspective. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 107, 123-134. |
| [33] | Leana, C. R., Appelbaum, E., & Shevchuk, G. (2009). Work-Life Balance in the United States: A Critical Review of the Research Literature. Journal of Management, 35, 1207-1235. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206309341521 |
| [34] | Leung, A. S. M. (2003). Feminism in Transition: Chinese Culture, Ideology and the Development of the Women’s Movement in China. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 20, 359-374. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1024049516797 |
| [35] | Li, Y., & Li, Y. (2020). Job Crafting and Job Performance: The Role of Work Engagement. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 119, Article ID: 103456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2020.103456 |
| [36] | Lu, L., Li, Y., & Wang, Z. (2014). Job Crafting and Job Performance: The Mediating Role of Work Engagement. Human Re-source Management Journal, 23, 234-256. https://doi.org/10.1111/hrm.12089 |
| [37] | Marchand, D., Demers, A., & Durand, J. (2005). Work-Family Conflict and Family-Work Conflict: A Meta-Analytic Review. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 66, 259-278. |
| [38] | Michel, J. S., Kotrba, L. M., Mitchelson, J. K., Baltes, B. B., & McKeough, M. (2011). Antecedents and Consequences of Work-Family Conflict: Testing a Model across Two Countries. Journal of Business Research, 64, 1432-1438. |
| [39] | Netemeyer, R. G., Boles, J. S., & McMurrian, R. (1996). Development and Validation of Work-Family Conflict and Family-Work Conflict Scales. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81, 400-410. https://doi.org/10.1037//0021-9010.81.4.400 |
| [40] | Odle-Dusseau, H. N., Hammer, L. B., Crain, T. L., & Bodner, T. E. (2016). The Influence of Family-Supportive Supervisor Training on Employee Job Performance and Attitudes: An Organizational Work-Family Intervention. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 21, 296-308. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0039961 |
| [41] | Parasuraman, S., & Collins, B. J. (2001). Work-Family Conflict and Flexibility: A Situational Perspective. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 58, 337-353. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.2001.1767 |
| [42] | Petrou, P., Demerouti, E., Peeters, M. C. W., Schaufeli, W. B., & Hetland, J. (2012). Job Crafting: A Person-Directed Approach to Job Redesign. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 33, 585-605. |
| [43] | Rudolph, C. W., Katz, I. M., Lavigne, K. N., & Zacher, H. (2017). Job Crafting: A New Perspective on Initiating Positive Behavior in Work Design. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 38, 187-207. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2125 |
| [44] | Spector, P. E., & Jex, S. M. (2004). Work and Family Stress: A Cross-Cultural Perspective. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 35, 141-156. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022104264463 |
| [45] | Tims, M., & Bakker, A. B. (2010). Job Crafting: Towards a New Model of Individual Job Redesign. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 36, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajip.v36i2.841 |
| [46] | Tims, M., Bakker, A. B., & Derks, D. (2012). Development and Validation of the Job Crafting Scale. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80, 120-136. |
| [47] | Weiss, S., & Ortlieb, R. (2024). Professional-Personal Boundary Work: Individuals Torn between Integration and Segmentation. German Journal of Human Resource Management: Zeitschrift für Personalforschung. https://doi.org/10.1177/23970022241291503 |
| [48] | Wharton, A. S., & Blair-Loy, M. (2006). Long Work Hours and Family Life: A Cross-National Study of Employees’ Concerns. Journal of Family Issues, 27, 415-436. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513x05282985 |
| [49] | Wrzesniewski, A., & Dutton, J. E. (2001). Crafting a Job: Revisioning Employees as Active Crafters of Their Work. The Academy of Management Review, 26, 179-201. https://doi.org/10.2307/259118 |
| [50] | Wrzesniewski, A., McCauley, C., Rozin, P., & Schwartz, B. (1997). Jobs, Careers, and Callings: People’s Relations to Their Work. Journal of Research in Personality, 31, 21-33. https://doi.org/10.1006/jrpe.1997.2162 |
| [51] | Wu, T., Yuan, K., Yen, D. C., & Xu, T. (2019). Building up Resources in the Relationship between Work-Family Conflict and Burnout among Firefighters: Moderators of Guanxi and Emotion Regulation Strategies. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 28, 430-441. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432x.2019.1596081 |
| [52] | Zhang, F., Wang, B., Qian, J., & Parker, S. K. (2021). Job Crafting towards Strengths and Job Crafting Towards Interests in Overqualified Employees: Different Outcomes and Boundary Effects. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 42, 587-603. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2517 |
| [53] | Zheng, Y., & Wang, Z. (2023). The Role of Spousal Emotional Intelligence in Work-Family Conflict and Job Performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 345-367. |
