两汉时期孔雀河地位变迁分析
Analysis of the Status Evolution of the Kongque River Basin during the Han Dynasties

孔雀河流域作为塔里木盆地东部关键地理单元，其战略地位在两汉时期经历了显著变迁。西汉初期，该区域因毗邻河西走廊、易控制西域北道而成为中原王朝经略西域的桥头堡；至西汉末，随着新北道开辟与匈奴势力消长，其枢纽地位逐渐被车师、伊吾取代。本文通过梳理传世文献与考古成果，揭示孔雀河流域地位变迁与汉廷西域治理策略调整的内在关联，进而探讨地缘政治、经济形态与交通路线演变对边疆治理的复合影响。西汉以屯田、关市为核心的“以屯固边、以贸控藩”策略，在东汉因国力衰退与气候变化难以为继，最终导致西域治理重心北移。
As a key geographical unit in the eastern Tarim Basin, the strategic importance of the Kongque River Basin underwent significant changes during the Western and Eastern Han Dynasties. In the early Western Han period, the region served as a bridgehead for the Central Plains dynasties to govern the Western Regions due to its proximity to the Hexi Corridor and its strategic control over the Northern Route of the Western Regions. By the late Western Han era, however, its pivotal role was gradually replaced by Cheshi and Yiwu, following the opening of the New Northern Route and shifts in Xiongnu influence. This study synthesizes historical texts and archaeological findings to reveal the intrinsic connection between the changing status of the Kongque River Basin and the Han court’s evolving strategies in governing the Western Regions. It further explores the compound impact of geopolitics, economic patterns, and transportation route evolution on frontier governance. The Western Han strategy of “consolidating borders through agricultural garrisons and controlling tributary states through trade” became unsustainable in the Eastern Han due to national decline and climate change, ultimately leading to a northward shift in the governance focus of the Western Regions.