Effects of Curcumalonga (Tumeric) Rhizomes Essential Oil on Some Reproductive and Biochemical Parameters in Laying Japanese Quail (Coturnixcoturnix Japonica)
Domestics animals face many environmental factors including temperature fluctuation, high densities in farms that reduce reproductive performance and lead to economic losses in the farmer. The Curcuma longa rhizomes essential oil due to its bioactive molecules with various pharmacological properties could mitigate the effects of these factors and boost the performance of animals. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Curcuma longa rhizomes essential oil on the reproductive parameters in laying Japanese quails and study the effect on egg yolk oxidative stability during storage. A total of 96 female’s Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) aged 3 weeks and weighing between 122 - 134 g were randomly assigned into 4 dietary treatment groups in a completely randomized design. In 10 weeks, birds in group 1 (control) received orally distilled water (75 μl/kg body weight), while the other three (group tests) during the same period, received respectively by gavage 75, 150 and 225 μl of Curcuma longa rhizomes essential oil per kg body weight. At 13 weeks old, eight birds per group in each treatment were randomly selected and slaughtered, and blood samples were collected for analysis. In addition, 12 eggs (4/unit or cage) were randomly picked out from each treatment for three times and the yolk of each egg was manually isolated and homogenized, and egg yolk samples were collected for oxidative parameters analysis. On the other hand, the remaining females were maintained 4 with one untreated male in identical boxes per treatment, for fertility assessment, eggs characteristics and hatchability traits. Throughout the experiment, biochemical parameters, eggs characteristics, fertility and hatchability traits were analyzed. The serum level of LH, FSH and estradiol; the total hatchability and hatchability of fertile eggs; the egg level of SOD, CAT, and GPx significantly increased (p < 0.05) in birds received 150 and 225 μl/kg b.w compared to the control. On the other hand, the embryonic mortality rates decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in female quail treated with 225 μl/kg b.w compared to those of birds in control group and those received 75 and 150 μl/kg b.w. The egg level of MDA was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in birds received 225 μl/kg b.w compared to the control group. It was concluded that administration of 225 μl/kg b.w of Curcuma rhizomes essential oil enhances bird reproductive hormone levels, hatchability traits and oxidative yolk parameters
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