Introduction: HIV infection remains a major public health problem, caused by a virus of the retroviridae family that destroys the host organism’s immune system. The result is a syndrome known as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. In developed countries, the introduction of antiretroviral treatment is coupled with effective virological monitoring to limit the emergence of resistance. The general objective was to study the evolution of virological parameters in PLHIV on ARV therapy in Chad. Methodology: We carried out a retrospective, prospective, descriptive cohort study with analytical aims on a fixed number of patients living with HIV-1 at the Centre polyvalent Alnadjma in the biomolecular analysis laboratory of APMS and the laboratory of the H？pital Militaire d’Instruction (HMI). Venous samples were collected in EDTA tubes for plasma viral load determination and, after centrifugation at 3500 g/5min, the plasma was recovered in anticoagulant-free tubes for plasma viral load determination using the Biocentri apparatus, in accordance with protocol procedures. Results: A total of 372 patients were monitored. In terms of socio-demographic results, 72.6% of patients were female, and 39.5% were housewives. For viral load assessment, 93.3% of our patients had a viral load greater than 1000 copies/ml at M0. After M18 of treatment, we obtained 94.6% of patients with a viral load greater than 1000 copies/ml at M18. Conclusion: Our study assessed virological success after 12 months of treatment in HIV-infected patients. Good adherence to treatment will lead to better viral load suppression.
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