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海南热带雨林国家公园的生态保护与恢复探讨
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Abstract:
本文针对海南热带雨林生态保护和恢复中存在的问题，参考和借鉴国内外其他学者的研究以及成功的案例经验，结合具体实际情况，探讨了未来应采取的措施，为海南热带雨林的生态保护与恢复及开发利用等方面提供参考。研究表明，存在的问题：1、经济林种植影响热带雨林生态平衡；2、生境破碎化导致热带雨林生态系统退化；3、植物入侵及本土植物灾变威胁热带雨林生物多样性；4、旅游等开发利用不利于热带雨林生态恢复。应采取的措施：1、严格控制人为活动；2、防范治理外来入侵植物和本土植物灾变；3、合理制定植被生态恢复规划和方案；4、弘扬民族传统文化，促进生物多样性保护；5、加强科普宣教，提升保护意识。文中重点探讨了在不同生境下植被恢复的具体措施，即建群植物恢复法、先锋树种恢复法、立体复合恢复法和辅助自然再生修复法，旨在探索生态恢复的技术和模式，为海南热带雨林的正向和快速演替提供参考。
In view of the problems existing in the ecological protection and restoration of Hainan tropical rainforest, this paper referred to and drew on the research and successful case experiences of other scholars at home and abroad, and combined with the specific actual situation, discussed the measures that should be taken in the future, so as to provide reference for ecological protection, restoration, development and utilization of Hainan tropical rainforest. The results indicated that there are mainly following problems. 1. Economic trees such as rubber trees threaten the ecological environment of tropical rainforest. 2. Habitat fragmentation leads to rapid degradation of tropical rainforest ecosystem. 3. Plant invasion and native plant disaster threaten the biodiversity of tropical rainforest. 4. The contradiction in tourism development and utilization and so on is prominent. Therefore, the following measures are recommended: 1. Control human activities strictly. 2. Strengthen the prevention and control of plant invasion and native plant disaster. 3. Formulate reasonable vegetation ecological restoration plan and scheme. 4. Carry forward national traditional culture and promote biodiversity conservation. 5. Strengthen popular science education and publicity, and enhance protection awareness. This paper focuses on discussing the specific measures for the vegetation restoration of Hainan tropical rainforest under different environments and vegetation conditions, namely, the constructive plant restoration method, the pioneer tree species restoration method, the three-dimensional composite restoration method and assisted natural regeneration restoration method, in order to explore the technology and model, and provide reference for the positive and rapid succession of Hainan tropical rainforest.
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