基于临床实践的蛙式石膏与髋人字支具外固定在先天性髋关节脱位护理中的对比研究
A Comparative Study of Frog-Leg Plaster and Hip Spica Brace External Fixation in the Nursing of Congenital Hip Dislocation Based on Clinical Practice

目的：小儿先天性髋关节脱位固定方式的选择存在争议。本研究旨在对比蛙式石膏与髋人字支具外固定在先天性髋关节脱位护理中的应用效果。方法：回顾性分析2022年1月至2024年12月我院骨科收治的44例小儿先天性髋关节脱位患者，依据固定方式分为对照组(22例蛙式石膏固定)和研究组(22例髋人字支具固定)。两组术前均做好评估、心理、牵引等护理及准备工作，术后均实施体位护理、舒适护理、功能锻炼等措施，对比分析两组患儿治疗效果和护理效果。结果：研究组患儿切口感染率、压疮率、皮肤破损率均为0.0%，护理时间为(9.87 ± 3.56) min/次，患者舒适度评分为(2.50 ± 0.50)分；对照组分别为13.6%、18.2%、27.3%、(20.17 ± 4.79) min/次、(5.50 ± 1.50)分。研究组各项指标均优于对照组，差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)；两组患者固定效果比较，差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。结论：髋人字支具在先天性髋关节脱位护理中优势显著，能减少并发症、提升舒适度、降低护理工作量。虽然蛙式石膏初期固定效果良好，但髋人字支具更适用于长期护理场景，对提高护理质量意义重大。
Objective: The choice of fixation method for congenital hip dislocation in children is controversial. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of frog plaster cast with external fixation of hip herringbone brace in the care of congenital hip dislocations. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed for 44 pediatric patients with congenital hip dislocation admitted to the Department of Orthopedics from January 2022 to December 2024, and they were divided into control group (22 cases of frog plaster fixation) and study group (22 cases of hip herringbone brace fixation) according to the fixation method. The two groups were provided with assessment, psychology, traction and other nursing and preparation before surgery, and postoperative measures such as positional nursing, comfort nursing and functional exercise were implemented, and the treatment and nursing effects of the two groups were compared and analyzed. Results: The incision infection rate, pressure ulcer rate and skin damage rate of the children in the study group were all 0.0%, the nursing time was (9.87 ± 3.56) min/time, and the patient comfort score was (2.50 ± 0.50). The control group had 13.6%, 18.2%, 27.3%, (20.17 ± 4.79) min/time, and (5.50 ± 1.50) points, respectively. The study group was better than the control group with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05), while the two groups had no significant difference in the fixed effect (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Hip herringbone brace has significant advantages in the nursing of congenital hip dislocation, which can reduce complications, improve comfort and reduce nursing workload. Although the initial fixation effect of the frog cast is good, the hip herringbone brace is more suitable for long-term care scenarios and is of great significance for improving the quality of care.