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CRISPR-Cas系统在医学诊断中的研究进展
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Abstract:
簇状规则间隔短回文重复序列(CRISPR)和CRISPR相关蛋白(Cas)系统对核酸具有特异的识别、顺式切割和非特异性的反式切割能力，已经成为分子诊断领域的关键工具。凭借其卓越的特异性和灵敏度，CRISPR-Cas系统结合生物传感技术，能够高效检测核酸、蛋白质、小分子等多种靶标，近年来在医学诊断领域展现巨大潜力。本文首先对CRISPR-Cas系统的组成及分类进行介绍，然后简述了CRISPR/Cas系统在核酸和非核酸靶标医学诊断领域的应用，最后讨论了CRISPR/Cas系统当前的挑战及未来的发展前景。
The Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) systems, characterized by their specific nucleic acid recognition, cis-cleavage, and nonspecific trans-cleavage activities, have emerged as pivotal tools in molecular diagnostics. With high specificity and sensitivity, CRISPR-Cas systems integrated with biosensing technologies enable efficient detection of diverse targets, including nucleic acids, proteins, and small molecules, demonstrating significant potential in medical diagnostics in recent years. In this review, we first introduce the components and classification of CRISPR-Cas systems. Then, we briefly describe the application of the CRISPR-Cas system in the medical diagnosis of nucleic acid and non-nucleic acid targets. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and future prospects for CRISPR-Cas systems.
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