基于PEST分析法的网络暴力原因研究
Research on the Causes of Online Violence Based on PEST Analysis

本文基于PEST分析法，深入探究了网络暴力发生的原因。并指出，政治因素方面，法律界定模糊及量刑不明在一定程度上助长了网络暴力的风气。尽管2024年8月1日出台了《网络暴力信息治理规定》，但其中对于不良信息发布者的处置力度较小，网络暴力行为的治理在法律上难以得到有效支撑。经济因素方面，平台与自媒体的利益“异化”使得网络暴力事件频发，经济利益驱动下的内容生产加剧了社会交往的异化。社会因素中，社会情绪与群体性格的非理性，以及群体极化和群体沉默的共存，共同构成了网络暴力的社会土壤。技术因素则通过扩大网络暴力的场域和升级“暴力”表达的方式，如算法推送相似负面信息及视觉文化的兴起，进一步推动了网络暴力的蔓延。
Based on PEST analysis, this paper explores the causes of online violence. He also pointed out that in terms of political factors, the vague definition of the law and the unclear sentencing have contributed to the atmosphere of online violence to a certain extent. Although the Provisions on the Governance of Information on Online Violence were promulgated on August 1, 2024, the handling of publishers of negative information is relatively small, and it is difficult for the governance of online violence to be effectively supported by law. In terms of economic factors, the “alienation” of the interests of platforms and self-media has led to frequent online violence, and the content production driven by economic interests has exacerbated the alienation of social interactions. Among the social factors, the irrationality of social emotions and group personality, as well as the coexistence of group polarization and group silence, together constitute the social soil of online violence. Technological factors have further promoted the spread of online violence by expanding the field of online violence and escalating the ways of “violent” expression, such as algorithms pushing similar negative information and the rise of visual culture.