“存在”是否为谓词的浅析
A Brief Analysis of Whether “Existence” Is a Predicate

“存在”或“本体”问题是西方哲学中一个最基本的问题，也是哲学研究中最根本的问题，是在最抽象的层次上，探讨世间万物所具有的最基本的共性。围绕“存在”的本质，哲学家展开持久争论。20世纪语言哲学家介入，在分析哲学背景下引发新辩论：“存在”究竟是逻辑谓词还是量词？弗雷格、罗素持量词说，皮尔斯、斯特劳斯则主张特殊谓词说，自由逻辑学家亦支持后者。本文主要从以上三个层面进行叙述，并提出笔者的观点。
The issue of “existence” or “ontology” is one of the most fundamental questions in Western philosophy and also the most fundamental issue in philosophical research. It explores the most basic commonality that all things in the world possess at the most abstract level. Philosophers have engaged in prolonged debates around the essence of “existence”. In the 20th century, language philosophers intervened, triggering new debates in the context of analytic philosophy: Is “existence” a logical predicate or a quantifier? Frege and Russell held the quantifier view, while Peirce and Strawson advocated the special predicate view. Free logicians also supported the latter. This article mainly narrates from the above three aspects and presents the author’s viewpoint.