论马尔库塞《单向度的人》中的同质化社会批判
On the Social Critique of Homogenisation in Marcuse’s One-Dimensional Man

分析赫伯特·马尔库塞在《单向度的人》中对现代工业社会同质化现象的批判。马尔库塞认为，科技进步和消费主义导致了单向度思维的盛行，抑制了个体的批判性和否定性思维。他指出，这种同质化体现在文化、政治和生活的各个方面，压制了个体的多样性和独立性，形成了一种新型的极权主义。为抵抗这种压迫，马尔库塞呼吁唤醒无产阶级的阶级意识，发展多向度思维，并通过经济、政治和文化的全面解放，推翻资本主义制度，建立一个没有剥削的社会。
In One-Dimensional Man, Marcuse critiques the homogenisation of language and thought in industrial civilisation, pointing out that this homogenisation restricts the individual’s capacity for critique and reflection, making people “one-dimensional human beings”. He argues that this phenomenon stems from technological progress and the development of industrial civilisation, which has led to the com- mercialisation of culture and the arts, the disappearance of political antagonisms, and the affirmative domination of the realm of thought. Marcuse asserts that transcending such a society requires the awakening of class consciousness among the proletariat, the cultivation of multi-directional thinking, economic dematerialisation, the defence of the proletarian position in politics, and a collectivist and revolutionary spirit in culture, in order to overthrow oppression and build a society free from capital exploitation. He emphasised that true freedom lies in negativity and critique, not superficial freedom of choice.