干旱胁迫对阔叶木本植物光合能力影响的研究进展
Research Progress on the Effect of Drought Stress on the Photosynthetic Capacity of Broad-Leaved Woody Plants

在全球气候变化背景下干旱胁迫对阔叶木本植物光合能力的影响日益引起关注。研究表明，干旱胁迫的增强不仅改变了生态系统的碳收支与水循环，也显著影响了植物的光合作用效率。这些影响主要通过气孔的关闭、叶绿素含量的降低以及光合电子传递链的阻碍体现出来，导致净光合速率和气孔导度的下降。但不同物种对干旱胁迫的敏感性与适应能力各异，部分植物能够通过提高水分利用效率、调整光合色素含量及优化电子传递路径来缓解此类逆境的负面效应。此外，阔叶木本植物表现出多层面的适应策略，包括叶片解剖结构的重塑、气孔的精细调节、光合色素的动态平衡以及抗氧化系统的激活，以维护其光合活性并增强抗旱能力。为深入探讨干旱胁迫与植被光合功能之间的关系，建议结合气体交换测定、叶绿素荧光成像、代谢组学分析及遥感技术等方法，提升研究的精确度。然而，现有文献对水力特性如何调控光合作用尚缺乏系统性探讨，长期监测数据亦显不足。未来研究可考虑整合同位素示踪技术、代谢重塑机理及机器学习模型，以深入理解植物在干旱条件下的耐受机制，并提升在全球变化大背景下的植被光合功能预测能力。
The impact of drought stress on the photosynthetic capacity of broad-leaved woody plants has garnered increasing scholarly attention, particularly in relation to global climate change. Research indicates that intensified drought stress not only disrupts the carbon balance and hydrological cycle within ecosystems but also significantly diminishes the photosynthetic efficiency of plants. Such effects are primarily evidenced by the closure of stomata, the reduction in chlorophyll content, and the impairment of the photosynthetic electron transport chain, all of which contribute to a decline in net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance. Nevertheless, different species exhibit varying degrees of sensitivity and adaptability to drought stress, with some plants capable of alleviating the adverse effects of such conditions through enhanced water use efficiency, adjustments in photosynthetic pigment concentrations, and optimization of electron transport pathways. Furthermore, broad-leaved woody plants demonstrate a range of adaptive strategies, including the remodeling of leaf anatomy, precise regulation of stomatal function, dynamic balance of photosynthetic pigments, and the activation of antioxidant systems, to sustain their photosynthetic activity and improve their tolerance to drought. To thoroughly investigate the relationship between drought stress and vegetative photosynthetic function, it is advisable to employ a combination of gas exchange measurements, chlorophyll fluorescence imaging, metabolomics analysis, and remote sensing techniques to enhance the precision of the research. Nonetheless, there remains a paucity of systematic examination concerning the regulatory role of hydraulic properties in photosynthesis within the existing literature, and long-term monitoring data is also inadequate. Future investigations might consider integrating isotope tracer technology, metabolic remodeling mechanisms, and machine learning models to gain a more profound understanding of the tolerance mechanisms of