健康老龄化视角下重庆市机构养老资源配置及利用研究
Research on the Allocation and Utilization of Institutional Elderly Care Resources in Chongqing from the Perspective of Healthy Aging

随着老龄化社会的到来，面临着日益增多的老年人口，如何对机构养老资源进行合理配置，是当前亟待解决的问题。本项目拟以重庆38个区县为研究对象，通过统计年鉴等官方数据，选择可量化的指标，运用洛伦兹曲线、基尼系数、泰尔指数等工具，对重庆市机构养老资源的总体公平性、地区间的公平性进行量化计算，基于投入产出的数据包络分析方法，对机构养老资源的使用效率进行计算。研究表明，重庆市机构养老资源的分配公平程度大于地域分配的公平程度，其床位和机构资源的分配要好于人力资源的分配，且机构人力资源的分配是影响地区间资源分配公平的主要因素。采用DEA模型对其资源使用效率进行了研究，发现其总体使用效率较低，大部分区县机构、床位和人员都存在着投资过剩和产出短缺等问题。最终根据结果提出从优化机构养老资源配置、融合机构养老资源，缩小内部差异以及优化养老服务人才供给等方面的相关对策和建议，来优化和提升机构养老资源配置的公平性和有效性。
With the arrival of an aging society, facing an increasing elderly population, how to reasonably allocate institutional elderly care resources is an urgent problem to be solved. This project plans to take 38 districts and counties in Chongqing as the research object, select quantifiable indicators through official data such as statistical yearbooks, and use tools such as Lorenz curve, Gini coefficient, and Theil index to quantitatively calculate the overall fairness and regional fairness of institutional elderly care resources in Chongqing. Based on input-output data envelopment analysis method, the efficiency of institutional elderly care resource utilization will be calculated. Research has shown that the fairness of allocation of institutional elderly care resources in Chongqing is greater than that of regional distribution. The allocation of beds and institutional resources is better than that of human resources, and the allocation of institutional human resources is the main factor affecting the fairness of resource allocation between regions. The DEA model was used to study its resource utilization efficiency, and it was found that its overall utilization efficiency is relatively low. Most district and county institutions, beds, and personnel have problems such as overinvestment and output shortage. Based on the results, relevant measures and suggestions are proposed to optimize and enhance the fairness and effectiveness of institutional elderly care resource allocation, integrate institutional elderly care resources, narrow internal differences, and optimize the supply of elderly care service talents.