海口市老年人中医体质分布特点及干预措施
Distribution Characteristics and Intervention Measures of Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution among Elderly People in Haikou City

目的：本研究旨在调查海口市社区65岁及以上老年人的中医体质分布情况，以期为该群体的健康干预、中医药健康管理以及养生保健提供科学依据和指导。方法：依据《中医体质分类与判定》标准，本研究采用随机抽样方法，在海口市盐灶社区和山高社区对312位65岁及以上的老年人进行了问卷调查。通过采集并分析这些老年人的中医体质信息，对其体质分布特点进行了深入探讨。结果：本次调研共发放问卷312份，成功回收有效问卷267份，有效回收率为88.5%。在65岁及以上的老年人中，平和质占比39.0% (104人)，偏颇体质占比61.0% (163人)。偏颇体质中，阳虚质占比最高，为49.8% (133人)，其次是阴虚质(43.4%，116人)、血瘀质(43.1%，115人)、痰湿质(38.9%，104人)、气虚质(36.7%，98人)、湿热质(35.6%，95人)。此外，特禀质占比28.5% (76人)，气郁质占比22.1% (59人)。结论：本研究发现，海口市社区65岁及以上老年人的中医体质分布具有显著特点，偏颇体质占比较高，需引起广泛关注。因此，建议加强对老年人的中医体质辨识，以便精准地采用中医药进行健康干预，从而促进老年人健康、积极、智慧地面对老年生活。
Objective: This study aims to investigate the distribution of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) constitution types among elderly individuals aged 65 and above in communities of Haikou City, with the goal of providing scientific evidence and guidance for health interventions, TCM health management, and health preservation for this population. Methods: Based on the “Classification and Judgment of TCM Constitutions” standard, this study employed a random sampling method to conduct a questionnaire survey among 312 elderly individuals aged 65 and above in Yanzao and Shangao communities of Haikou City. By collecting and analyzing the TCM constitution information of these elderly individuals, the characteristics of their constitution distribution were thoroughly explored. Results: A total of 312 questionnaires were distributed in this survey, with 267 valid questionnaires successfully collected, yielding an effective response rate of 88.5%. Among elderly individuals aged 65 and above, the proportion of the balanced constitution was 39.0% (104), while the proportion of the unbalanced constitutions was 61.0% (163). Among the unbalanced constitutions, the yang deficiency constitution had the highest proportion at 49.8% (133), followed by the yin deficiency constitution (43.4%, 116), blood stasis constitution (43.1%, 115), phlegm-dampness constitution (38.9%, 104), qi deficiency constitution (36.7%, 98), and dampness-heat constitution (35.6%, 95). In addition, the special constitution accounted for 28.5% (76), and the qi stagnation constitution accounted for 22.1% (59). Conclusion: This study found that the distribution of TCM constitutions among elderly individuals aged 65 and above in communities of Haikou City has significant characteristics, with a relatively high proportion of unbalanced constitutions, which deserves widespread