|
|
马斯洛需求层次理论视域下精神疾病患者职业康复训练分析
|
Abstract:
随着我国精神疾病患者数量逐年上升，其社会功能康复成为亟待解决的公共卫生问题。本研究基于马斯洛需求层次理论，系统探讨职业康复训练对精神疾病患者多层次需求的满足路径及康复效能。研究表明，职业康复训练通过生活自理训练、职业评估与情绪干预、开展职业社交技能训练、培养患者独立能力、依兴趣培训并给予反馈鼓励等多种方式，可有效满足患者生理、安全、社交、尊重及自我实现需求。分析显示，此类训练能够显著改善患者社会功能缺陷评分(SDSS)，提升生活质量与就业率。本文提出分层干预策略，强调个性化康复计划与社会支持网络相结合，为优化精神疾病患者康复模式提供新思路。
With the number of patients with mental illness in China increasing year by year, the rehabilitation of their social functions has become an urgent public health problem to be solved. Based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory, this study systematically explores the satisfaction path and rehabilitation efficacy of the multilevel needs of patients with mental disorders. The study shows that vocational rehabilitation training can effectively meet patients’ physiological, safety, social interaction, respect and self-realization needs through self-care training, occupational assessment and emotional intervention, occupational social skills training, cultivating patients’ independent ability, interest training and feedback and encouragement. The analysis shows that such training can significantly improve patients’ social function defect score (SDSS), improve the quality of life and employment rate. This paper proposes stratified intervention strategies, emphasizing the combination of personalized rehabilitation program and social support network, and provides new ideas for optimizing the rehabilitation model of patients with mental illness.
| [1] | 马达飞, 张蕾, 高翔, 等. 我国精神卫生服务资源情况及发展建议[J]. 中国卫生人才, 2023(1): 16-21. |
| [2] | 王辉. 对慢性精神分裂症患者施行职业康复训练的临床价值[J]. 中国保健营养, 2020, 30(27): 96. |
| [3] | 李洪建, 舒京平, 黄承保, 等. 社区综合康复对慢性精神分裂症患者的家庭负担及照料者心理健康的对比研究[J]. 中国民康医学, 2015, 27(9): 1-4+7. |
| [4] | Escorpizo, R., Reneman, M.F., Ekholm, J., Fritz, J., Krupa, T., Marnetoft, S., et al. (2011) A Conceptual Definition of Vocational Rehabilitation Based on the ICF: Building a Shared Global Model. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 21, 126-133. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10926-011-9292-6 |
| [5] | Gobelet, C., Luthi, F., Al-Khodairy, A.T. and Chamberlain, M.A. (2007) Vocational Rehabilitation: A Multidisciplinary Intervention. Disability and Rehabilitation, 29, 1405-1410. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638280701315060 |
| [6] | Sohn, B.K., Hwang, J.Y., Park, S.M., Choi, J., Lee, J., Lee, J.Y., et al. (2016) Developing a Virtual Reality-Based Vocational Rehabilitation Training Program for Patients with Schizophrenia. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 19, 686-691. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2016.0215 |
| [7] | 郭其辉, 朱有为, 张晨, 等. 上海市社区精神分裂症患者就业情况与职业康复需求调查[J]. 中国康复医学杂志, 2024, 39(4): 543-549. |
| [8] | 郑宏, 陈雯, 鞠康. 精神分裂症职业康复技能训练规范化建设初步研究[J]. 中国保健营养, 2016, 26(29): 17-18. |
| [9] | Miles, A., Crosse, C., Jenkins, Z., Moore, G., Fossey, E., Harvey, C., et al. (2020) ‘Employ Your Mind’: A Pilot Evaluation of a Programme to Help People with Serious Mental Illness Obtain and Retain Employment. Australasian Psychiatry, 29, 57-62. https://doi.org/10.1177/1039856220956471 |
| [10] | Sørensen, M. (2006) Motivation for Physical Activity of Psychiatric Patients When Physical Activity Was Offered as Part of Treatment. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 16, 391-398. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2005.00514.x |
| [11] | 陈艳琼, 郭燕, 王彬. 医院内职业康复对慢性精神分裂症患者社交技能的影响[J]. 临床合理用药杂志, 2019, 12(19): 23-24. |
| [12] | 曲兆红. 职业训练对精神分裂症患者社会功能缺陷改善的影响分析[J]. 中国民康医学, 2014, 26(3): 17-18+21. |
| [13] | 冯永红. 职业康复薪酬疗法对慢性精神病患者康复的心理社会价值意义[J]. 国际护理学杂志, 2016, 35(9): 1165-1169. |
| [14] | 黄昌群, 苏巧玲. 职业康复训练对精神分裂症患者病耻感及社会功能的影响[J]. 反射疗法与康复医学, 2023, 4(5): 163-165+169. |
| [15] | 陈巧梅, 沈理慧. 职业康复联合家庭参与式护理对重性精神疾病患者生活能力和社会功能的影响[J]. 临床医药实践, 2023, 32(4): 311-314. |
| [16] | 刘国友, 宋君伟, 张文佳, 等. 职业康复训练对住院精神分裂症患者的作用[J]. 心理月刊, 2020, 15(17): 168-169. |
| [17] | Schiff, A.C. (2004) Recovery and Mental Illness: Analysis and Personal Reflections. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 27, 212-218. https://doi.org/10.2975/27.2004.212.218 |
| [18] | de Rosa, C., Sampogna, G., Luciano, M., Del Vecchio, V., Pocai, B., Borriello, G., et al. (2017) Improving Physical Health of Patients with Severe Mental Disorders: A Critical Review of Lifestyle Psychosocial Interventions. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 17, 667-681. https://doi.org/10.1080/14737175.2017.1325321 |
| [19] | 刘茜, 倪文娟, 李晓莲. 康复护理对于精神分裂症患者生活自理能力的干预效果[J]. 饮食保健, 2021(27): 130. |
| [20] | 程新强, 童桂贞, 王玉玲, 等. 延续性自我管理教育在精神分裂症患者中的应用[J]. 河南医学高等专科学校学报, 2019, 31(1): 104-106. |
| [21] | 李杭平, 何萍霞. 精神科急性入院患者紧张情绪的干预措施[J]. 临床医药文献电子杂志, 2020, 7(62): 109+111. |
| [22] | 程利利, 王娟, 马乃文, 等. 马斯洛需求层次理论在冠心病个性化心理干预中的应用[J/OL]. 中国健康心理学杂志: 1-9. https://link.cnki.net/urlid/11.5257.r.20241129.0849.014, 2025-03-14. |
| [23] | Tsang, H.W. (2001) Applying Social Skills Training in the Context of Vocational Rehabilitation for People with Schizophrenia. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 189, 90-98. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-200102000-00004 |
| [24] | 徐莲英, 刘蕾, 郝弈峰, 等. 团体社交技能训练对青少年精神分裂症患者社会功能及社交心理的影响[J]. 重庆医学, 2018, 47(35): 4448-4451. |
| [25] | 常甲楠, 郭大兴. 神经肌肉电刺激联合常规康复训练对前交叉韧带重建术后患者的治疗效果分析[J]. 现代医学与健康研究电子杂志, 2025, 9(3): 10-12. |
| [26] | 王璐璐. 基于正强化理论的康复训练在血管性痴呆患者中的应用效果分析[J]. 中国社区医师, 2024, 40(34): 151-153. |
