鲁西南地区肺炎支原体感染及耐药情况分析
Analysis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection and Drug Resistance in Southwest Shandong Province

目的：探讨鲁西南地区2024年1月~2024年11月MP感染及耐药情况。方法：回顾性分析2024年1月~2024年11月在济宁医学院附属医院住院的3018例完善多种病原体靶向检测检查的呼吸道感染患者的临床资料，对其呼吸道标本检测MP感染及耐药基因(23S rRNA)突变情况。结果：2024年1月~11月3018例检测患者中，MP检测阳性率为28.26%，其中853例MP阳性患者中耐大环内酯类MP检出率为91.21%；女性患者阳性率(34.49%)高于男性患者(23.95%)，差异有统计学意义(P < 0.01)，女性患者耐药率为90.57%，男性患者耐药率为88.76%，差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)；不同月份时期的MP阳性率及耐药率差异有统计学意义(P < 0.01)；耐大环内酯类MP的位点突变为2063、2617，未发现2064位点的突变，其中2063位点的突变占检测患者的94.3%；不同年龄段患者MP阳性率差异有统计学意义(P < 0.01)，以7~12岁患者的阳性率最高，各年龄组间的耐药率差异无统计学意义(P > 0.01)。结论：鲁西南地区2024年1月~11月进行多种病原体靶向检测患者MP感染率在不同月份、年龄存在差异，且对大环内酯类耐药率较高。
Objective: To explore the MP infection and drug resistance in Southwestern Shandong Province from January to November 2024. Methods: Retrospectively analyze the clinical data of 3018 patients with respiratory tract infections who were hospitalized in the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College from January to November 2024 and underwent multipathogen targeted detection, and test their respiratory specimens for MP infections and mutations of drug resistance genes (23S rRNA). Results: Among 3018 tested patients from January to November 2024, the positive rate of MP detection was 28.26%, among which the detection rate of macrolide-resistant MP was 91.21% in 853 MP-positive patients; the positive rate of female patients (34.49%) was higher than that of male patients (23.95%), with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.01), and the drug-resistance rate of female patients was 90.57%, and the resistance rate of male patients was 88.76%, the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05); the differences in MP positivity rate and resistance rate in different month periods were statistically significant (P < 0.01); the mutations of macrolide-resistant MP were detected at loci 2063 and 2617, and no mutation was detected at locus 2064, in which the mutation at locus 2063 accounted for 94.3% of the tested patients; the difference in MP positivity rate of patients in different age groups was statistically significant (P < 0.01), with the highest positivity rate in patients aged 7~12 years old, and the difference in resistance rate between age groups was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The rate of MP infection in patients who underwent multipathogen targeted testing in Southwestern Shandong Province from January to November 2024 differed in different months and ages, and the rate of resistance to macrolides was high.