巴斯奈特文化翻译观视域下考察《活着》日译本的人物对话
Exploring the Dialogue between Characters in Japanese Translations of To Live: A Novel from the Perspective of Cultural Translation Theory

余华长篇小说《活着》讲述了中国社会变迁中一个小人物徐福贵的一生，随着解放战争、社会主义社会建设等历史事件的发生，福贵的家庭不断经受苦难，直到所有亲人都先后离他而去，只剩下一头老牛陪伴在身边。《活着》在海外畅销，有英、日、韩、德、法、荷、意等多国语言译本。本文主要研究饭塚容所著译本『生きる』中的人物对话。根据笔者调查，针对文学作品中人物对话的现有研究，一般会采取格赖斯的会话原则、弗米尔的目的论或者维索伦尔的语言顺应论等理论作为指导，很少有人通过巴斯奈特的文化翻译观的角度进行分析，所以笔者打算填补这方面的空白，希望为后续的人物对话研究和《活着》的日译本研究提供一些有效的参考。
Yu Hua’s novel To Live: A Novel narrates the life of Xu Fugui, a small figure in China’s social changes, with the occurrence of historical events such as the War of Liberation, the People’s Commune Movement, and the Great Leap Forward. Fugui’s family continued to suffer troubles until all relatives left him one after another, leaving him alone with an old cow. To Live: A Novel has been sold overseas and has been translated into English, Japanese, Korean, German, French, Dutch, Italian and other languages. This article focuses on the dialogue of the characters in Yoshiro Iizuka’s translation. According to the author’s survey, the existing research on character dialogue in literary works is generally guided by Grice’s Conversational Principles, Vermeer’s Skopos Theory, or Verschueren’s Linguistic Adaptation Theory, and few people analyze it from the perspective of Bassnett’s Cultural Translation Theory. Therefore, I intend to fill in the gap in this regard, hoping to provide some effective references for the subsequent research on character dialogue and the study of the Japanese translation of To Live: A Novel.