我国森林法发展历程及其完善
The Development and Improvement of China’s Forest Law

森林法是保障我国林业发展的最基本和最重要的一部经济法。通过比较分析和背景分析的方法，对我国历次森林法进行回顾、总结和评价。大致而言：1963年的《森林保护条例》是以森林采伐为中心；1984年的《森林法》是以造林绿化为中心；1998年的《森林法》是以保护修复为中心；2020年的《森林法》以规划和权属为中心。总体来说：《森林法》的制定和修订顺应国家经济社会发展大势，符合林业由采伐为主到植树造林，再到生态保护、综合治理的发展方向。从现行森林法来看，如何将森林的生态价值融入其概念之中，如何清晰划定其产权来提高森林资源的利用率和如何完善生态效益补偿基金制度来保护相关群体的利益是当下应重点解决的问题。
The Forest Law is the most fundamental and important economic law that safeguards the development of forestry in China. Through comparative analysis and background review, this paper revisits, summarizes, and evaluates the various iterations of China’s Forest Law. Broadly speaking, the “Forest Protection Regulations” of 1963 focused on forest harvesting; the “Forest Law” of 1984 centered on afforestation and greening; the “Forest Law” of 1998 emphasized protection and restoration; and the “Forest Law” of 2020 focuses on planning and property rights. In general, the formulation and revision of the Forest Law align with the national socio-economic development trends and reflect the shift in forestry from a focus on logging to afforestation and tree planting, and eventually to ecological protection and integrated management. From the perspective of the current Forest Law, the key issues to address include integrating the ecological value of forests into its definition, clearly delineating property rights to improve the utilization of forest resources, and improving the ecological compensation fund system to protect the interests of related groups.