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西南干热河谷山地小流域侵蚀产沙和输沙估算
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Abstract:
将侵蚀产沙和泥沙传输衔接起来是全面评估土壤侵蚀及其环境影响的基础。当前大部分流域尺度的土壤侵蚀评估未能将二者衔接起来。针对西南干热河谷山地小流域，采用基于RUSLE模型对产沙的模拟，结合泥沙连通度指数为参数的泥沙输移率，估算小流域侵蚀产沙和输沙。结果表明，2024年流域总侵蚀产沙量2.90万t，输送到沟道的泥沙总量为0.55万t；流域泥沙输移率为0.19；耕地和草地分布区是流域内侵蚀产沙的主要来源；坡度为6？~15？坡度带是侵蚀产沙和输沙的主要来源区。未来需要从改善覆被及其空间格局的角度开展流域水土流失治理。
Combining soil detachment and sediment delivery set the foundation for fully evaluation of soil erosion and the consequent impacts on environment. To date, combining soil detachment and sediment delivery is a challenge in soil erosion modelling. This work targets the hilly catchments in arid and hot valley in southwestern China to test the combination of the two stage of soil loss. The RUSLE and sediment delivery ratio estimated from sediment connectivity index were linked to estimate the soil erosion and sediment delivery in the catchments. The results show that the gross soil erosion of the catchment is 29,000 t in 2024, accompanied by a sediment delivery of 5500 t. The sediment delivery ratio is 0.19 on average. It was revealed that the arable land and grassland are the key sources of sediment. Areas with a slope gradient of 6？ - 15？ contributed most of the sediment to the channels. Future countermeasures to soil erosion are suggested to focus on the spatial arrangement of land cover to prevent sediment delivery.
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