超越与经世：张载人生哲学的两大面向
Transcendence and Statecraft: Two Aspects of Zhang Zai’s Philosophy of Life

张载的人生哲学体系产生于社会动荡的宋朝中期，承载着其作为儒者为世道人心所做的理论探索与现实努力，彰显着其关怀天下、担当作为的人生态度，其体系要义深刻，核心在于其人性论，亦在其价值追求方面具有独到的论说，以此也展现出了超越与经世两大基本面向。本文着眼于张载的人生哲学体系，拟从其对“天地之性”与“气质之性”的探讨中阐发其“超越”意义，并基于著名的“横渠四句”的分析诠释其“经世”内涵。
Zhang Zai’s philosophy of life system came into being in the middle of the Song Dynasty when the society was in turmoil. It carries the theoretical exploration and practical efforts made by him as a Confucian for the world and the people, and highlights his life attitude of caring for the world and taking responsibility. The essence of the system is profound, the core lies in his theory of human nature, and it also has a unique argument in its value pursuit, which also shows the two basic aspects of transcendence and statecraft. This article focuses on Zhang Zai’s philosophy of life system, and intends to elucidate its transcendence significance from its discussion of “the nature of heaven and earth” and “the nature of temperament”, and based on the analysis of the famous “four sentences of the horizontal canal” to interpret its statecraft.