康德的理性观到哈贝马斯的交往理性理论
Kant’s View of Reason to Habermas’s Theory of Communicative Reason

哈贝马斯在形成、提出“交往理性”概念的过程中，受到了许多有关概念的影响，这些学说在之后成为了“交往理性”得以成立的理论前提，其中在时间线上与其最接近的，是马克思·韦伯提出的“价值理性”与卢卡奇·格奥尔格提出的“物化”概念。前者提出的学说概念，使哈贝马斯最终得以将——从康德开始停留在主体性层面上思辨、实践理性概念的传统——突破到主体间性意义上跨主体性的理性观。哈贝马斯对这一理论工作的完成，一方面，他使得困扰马克思·韦伯的理论悲观与现实困境——在工具理性与价值理性无法调和的冲突中，所指向的资本主义式未来悲剧社会——得到理论层面上积极乐观的回应；另一方面，对卢卡奇指出的现代工业生产导致的主体间“物化”现象，提出了一定的理论意义上的反制路径。
In the process of forming and proposing the concept of “communicative rationality”, Habermas was influenced by many related concepts, and these theories later became the theoretical premise for the establishment of “communicative rationality”, among which the closest to it in the timeline are the “value rationality” proposed by Max Weber and the concept of “materialization” proposed by Lukacs Georg. The doctrinal concept proposed by the former enabled Habermas to finally break through the tradition of speculating and practicing the concept of reason at the level of subjectivity, starting with Kant, to a transsubjective view of reason in the sense of intersubjectivity. Habermas’s completion of this theoretical work, on the one hand, made the theoretical pessimism and practical dilemma that plagued Max Weber—in the irreconcilable conflict between instrumental rationality and value rationality, point to the capitalist future tragic society—get a positive and optimistic response at the theoretical level; on the other hand, the phenomenon of “materialization” between subjects caused by modern industrial production pointed out by Lukács is proposed in a certain theoretical sense.