离子型稀土矿山尾水处理膜清洗剂的开发与探讨
Development and Discussion of Membrane Cleaning Agent for Tail Water Treatment of Ionic Rare Earth Mines

反渗透技术在离子型稀土矿尾水处理中的应用不断增加，既提高了稀土资源的回收率，又防止尾水中残留浸矿剂及重金属污染环境，具有很好的应用前景。反渗透膜在长期运行过程中，由于水中杂质在膜表面的积累，会导致膜污染，降低膜的通量和分离效率，反渗透膜清洗剂的使用成为必不可少的环节。文章针对反渗透膜污染的类别探讨了各类清洗剂的特点及清洗的机理，针对离子型稀土矿尾水膜处理形成的硫酸钙垢，以柠檬酸为主清洗剂，加入表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠，探索了主清洗剂浓度、表面活性剂对清洗效果的影响，总结了目前膜清洗剂存在的问题及未来发展方向。
The application of reverse osmosis technology in tail water treatment of ionic rare earth mines is increasing and has a good application prospect, which not only improves the recovery rate of rare earth resources, but also prevents the residual leaching agent and heavy metals in the tail water from polluting the environment. In the long-term operation of reverse osmosis membrane, due to the accumulation of impurities in water on the surface of the membrane, it will lead to membrane fouling, reduce the flux and separation efficiency of the membrane, and the use of reverse osmosis membrane cleaning agent has become an indispensable link. In view of the reverse osmosis membrane pollution type, this article discusses the different characteristics and theories of membrane cleaning agents. By taking calcium sulfate scale as an example, this article develops a new type of membrane cleaning agent by using citric acid as main cleaning agent and adding sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate as surfactant. Meanwhile, this article discusses the influence of the main cleaning agent concentration and surfactant, and summaries the existing problems and future development directions of membrane cleaning agents.