右美托咪定在临床应用中的研究现状
Research Status of Dexmedetomidine in Clinical Applications

右美托咪定(Dexmedetomidine, Dex)作为一种新型的α2肾上腺素能受体激动剂，可以增强迷走神经兴奋性的同时还能抑制交感神经的兴奋性。Dex所产生的镇静效果虽然呈现剂量依赖性，但是没有成瘾性，也没有明显的呼吸系统抑制作用。基于其特殊的药理特性，目前已广泛应用于镇痛、镇静、抑制焦虑、催眠麻醉等。本文就Dex的镇静、镇痛、抑制交感神经兴奋、在围手术期对于重要器官有保护作用等进行综述，探讨Dex的临床应用现状，以期为Dex在临床应用的新方案中提供参考。
Dexmedetomidine (Dex), as a new type of α2-adrenergic receptor agonist, can enhance the excitability of the vagus nerve while inhibiting the excitability of the sympathetic nerve. Although the sedative effect produced by Dex is dose-dependent, it has no addiction and no obvious respiratory system inhibitory effect. Based on its special pharmacological properties, it has been widely used in analgesia, sedation, anxiety suppression, hypnotization anesthesia, etc. at present. This article reviews the sedation, analgesia, inhibition of sympathetic nerve excitement of Dex, as well as its protective effect on vital organs during the peri-operative period, and explores the current status of Dex’s clinical application, with a view to providing a reference for new clinical application plans of Dex.