家庭劳动教育对幼儿生活自理能力的影响：幼儿参与家务劳动的中介作用
The Influence of Family Labor Education on Preschool Children’s Self-Care Ability: The Mediating Role of Children’s Participation in Housework

目的：调查家庭劳动教育对幼儿生活自理能力的影响，并探究幼儿参与家务劳动的中介作用，为开展幼儿生活自理能力培养提供参考。方法：采用方便取样方法，于2023年5~6月在重庆市某区抽取1894名3~6岁幼儿的家长完成幼儿家庭劳动教育问卷、幼儿参与家务劳动量表和幼儿生活自理能力问卷。结果：幼儿生活自理能力为中等偏上水平。不同性别、年级、生源地、园所性质、父/母学历、家庭子女数的幼儿生活自理能力差异有统计学意义(T/F值分别为？0.541、191.776、3.577、5.097、2.686、2.676、？6.862，均P < 0.01)，女生、大班、农村、公办园、父母学历专科及以下、非独生子女幼儿高于男生、中小班、城市、民办园、父母学历本科及以上、独生子女幼儿。中介效应检验表明，幼儿参与家务劳动在家庭劳动教育对幼儿生活自理能力的影响中起部分中介作用(95% CI = 0.637~0.841)，中介效应占总效应的49.43%。结论：家庭劳动教育既能直接提高幼儿生活自理能力，也能通过促进幼儿参与家务劳动进而提高其生活自理能力。家长应加强劳动教育、引导幼儿积极参与家务劳动，来有效提高幼儿生活自理能力。
Objective: To investigate the influence of family labor education on preschool children’s self-care ability, and explore the mediating role of children’s participation in housework, so as to provide reference for the cultivation of children’s self-care ability. Methods: Using convenient sampling, 1894 parents of children aged 3~6 years old were selected from a district of Chongqing to complete questionnaires from May to June 2023. Results: Preschool children’s self-care ability was above the average level. There were statistically significant differences in children’s self-care ability among different genders, grades, places of origin, nature of kindergartens, parents’ educational background and number of children in family (T/F value were ？0.541, 191.776, 3.577, 5.097, 2.686, 2.676, ？6.862 respectively, both P < 0.01), which was higher among children in female, top class, rural area, public kindergartens, parents with junior college education or less and non-one-child. The mediation analysis showed that preschool children’s participation in housework played a partial mediating role in the influence of family labor education on preschool children’s self-care ability (95% CI = 0.637~0.841), and the mediating effect accounted for 49.43% of the total effect. Conclusion: Family labor education can not only improve preschool children’s self-care ability directly, but also improve their self-care ability by promoting children’s participation in housework. Parents should strengthen family labor education and guide them to actively participate in housework to effectively improve children’s self-care ability.